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| Germany |
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| The Empire of Germany |
| 1440-1806, 1848-1849, 1871-1918, 1934-1945 |
Frederick III 1440-1493
__Eleonore 1452-1476
Maximilian I 1493-1519
__Bianca Maria 1494-1510
Frederick of Saxony 1519-1519
Charles V 1519-1556
__Isabella 1526-1539
Ferdinand I 1558-1564
Maximilian II 1564-1576
__Maria 1564-1576
Rudolf II 1576-1612
Matthias 1612-1619
__Anna von Austria 1612-1618
Ferdinand II 1619-1637
__Eleanor 1622-1637
Ferdinand III 1637-1657
__Maria Anna 1637-1646
__Maria Leopoldina 1648-1649
__Eleonora 1651-1657
Leopold I 1658-1705
__Margarethe Maria 1666-1673
__Claudia Felicitas 1673-1676
__Eleonore Magdalena 1676-1705
Joseph I 1705-1711
__Wilhelmine Amalie 1705-1711
Charles VI 1711-1740
__Elisabeth 1711-1740
Maria Theresa 1740-1780
__Francis I 1745-1765
Charles VII 1742-1745
__Maria Amelia?
Francis I 1745-1765
__Maria Theresa 1740-1780
Joseph II 1765-1790
__Maria Josepha 1765-1767
Leopold II 1790-1792
__Maria Luisa 1790-1792
Francis II 1792-1806
__Maria Theresa 1792-1806
Frederick William IV 1849
__Elizabeth 1849
William I 1871-1888
__Augusta 1871-1888
Frederick III 1888
__Victoria 1888
William II 1888-1918
__Augusta 1888-1918
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| Constituent National Assembly |
In 1848, attempts at German unification took place in Frankfurt with Archduke John elected as regent of a provisional imperial gorverment.
In 1849, a constitution of a heriditary empire was created with Frederick William IV elected as emperor, but he rejected the position. Archduke John abdicated as regent in 1849. |
| The Third Empire |
| Although Germany was proclaimed an empire from 1934-1945, it was not headed by an emperor or empress, but instead it was headed by the leader-chancellors Adolf Hitler from 1934-1945 and Karl Doenitz in 1945. This empire was called the Third Empire. The First Empire was Charlemagne's Holy Roman Empire which was actually a recreation of the Roman Empire (in the mid 15th century it became known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation which made it technically a German Empire as well as a continuation of the Roman Empire) and had other notable rulers in Otto I the Great, Charles V, and Maria Theresa. This lasted from 800 until 1806 when Napoleon replaced it with the Confederation of the Rhine of which he was the protector. The Second Empire was Otto von Bismarck's German Empire, founded by uniting the German states after defeating Austria at Sadowa (1866) and France at Sedan (1870) and Paris (1870-71). This German Empire lasted from 1871-1918 and was created out of the strong German state of Prussia which had seen enlightened rule and military strength under Frederick II the Great in the 18th century. |
| Electors of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation |
1. Archbishop of Mainz, 1356 (Golden Bull)
2. Archbishop of Treves, 1356 (Golden Bull)
3. Archbishop of Cologne, 1356 (Golden Bull)
4. King of Bohemia, 1356 (Golden Bull)
5. Prince Palatinate, 1356 (Golden Bull)
6. Duke of Saxony, 1356 (Golden Bull)
7. Margrave of Brandenberg, 1356 (Golden Bull)
8. Duke of Bavaria, 1648 (Peace of Westphalia)
9. Duke of Hanover, 1692
10. Margrave of Baden, 1803
11. Duke of Wurttemberg, 1803
12. Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, 1803
13. Archbishop of Salzburg, 1803 |
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