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Islam is the great relegion
EARLY ISLAM
Islam is Great Part 2
Islam Is Great Part 3
Islam Is Great Part 4
Islam Is Great Part 5
Islam Is Great Part 6
Surah-e-Fatiha
Quran in English
The Cow
The Cow 2
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| Islam Is Great Religion Part 5 |
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| 1866 The last Cherokee Indian chief was Ramadhan Ibn Wati (popularly known as Stand Watie, 1806-71). He was the last Confederate general to surrender his command to the United States on June 23, 1865. His son Saladin Watie served on Southern Cherokee delegation to Washington to sign a new treaty with the United States at the end of Civil War. He died mysteriously at the age of 21. (Saladin is an anglicized name for Salahuddin, the famous Sultan who liberated Jerusalem from the crusaders in 1187). Some books published as late as 1832 show Cherokee men wearing turbans and the women wearing long head coverings. A portrait of Sequoyah, inventor of Cherokee Alphabets consisting of 86 characters [1821]. 1868 Russia annexed Muslim Bukhara and Kaufmann took control of Samarkand. The British continue to interfere in Afghan affairs. Shaikh Muhammad al-Thani, ruler of Qatar, signed agreement with the British resident agent in the Gulf, "...not to break the peace in the sea and to maintain friendly relations with his neighbors." 1869 The Suez Canal opened. A number of Yemenis arrive to America via Suez Canal. Sher Ali, Ameer of Afghanistan [1869-1879]. Britain, France and Italy impose financial control on Tunisia. 1870 The Reverend Norman, a Methodist missionary, reverted to Islam. Bargash ibn Said, Sultan of Zanzibar [1870-1888]. His rule extended to Islands of Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia, and from Cape Delgado to some of the Somali ports. 1871 Turkey occupies Tunisia. Turkey occupies the oasis of al-Hasa in Arabia and much of the eastern seaboard. Turkey in debt and European powers pressure Turkey on the financial control of the empire. 1872 Gortchakoff-Granville agreement on Afghan frontier. Russia recognizes independence of Kashghar. The British occupy Muslim territory of Flaba in Sierra Leone. It was ruled by Mali empire in the thirteenth century and by Kingdom of Futa Jallon in the eighteenth century. 1873 Russia annexed Muslim Khiva. Kaufmann massacres Yomuds. 1874 Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Ali, governor of Egypt, sought assistance of General Gordon to manage the equitorial region of Sudan. 1876 Britain invests in the Suez Canal, interferes in Egyptian affairs, and occupies Egypt in 1882. Murad V, Sultan of Turkey [1876, few months] and Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of Turkey [1876-1909]. Turkish debt at Sultan's accession was 2.5 Billion Ottoman golden Liras. December 1876 Conference at Istanbul: European powers demanded reforms and protection for Christian subjects. Russia annexed Muslim Khoqand. The Ottoman Turks appoint Shaikh Jassin ibn Muhammad al-Thani as governor of Qatar. Muslim representatives from Egypt, Tangier, and Syria participated at the American 'Centennial Exposition'. Abdel Kader, a distinguished Syrian humanitarian, received gifts from President James Buchanan. Abdel Kader was inducted as "Brother Member" by Saladin Masonic Order. 1877 Sultan Abdul Hamid II dissolved the National Assembly and dismissed the Grand Vizier. Muslims in the Bulgarian provinces comprised over 50 percent of the population, by 1910 Muslim population was reduced to 10 percent. 1877-78 Russo-Turkish war: Russia captured Adrianople, Kars, Ardahan and Erzerum in Turkey. In Bulgaria, one million Turks lost their homes and 350,000 Turks were killed by hunger, cold and epidemics. Dostoyevsky suggests that Russians should conquer Istanbul (Constantinople). Serbs captured Nisch, and Montenegro captured Spizza and Dulcigno. Virtually no Muslims now left in the newly independent state of Montenegro. Turkey transfers Cyprus to Britain. Sher Ali refuses to permit a British mission in Afghanistan but allows Russian envoy. 1878 Turkey lost most of its European territory in the Treaty of Berlin (July 13). Ottoman rule in Bulgaria [1393-1878] ends. Autonomous Bulgarian principality created. Second Afghan war [1878-79]. 1879 Ameer Sher Ali removed from power. Abdur Rahman Khan takes over as Ameer of Afghanistan [1879-1901] with the assistance of the British. By the Treaty of May 26, 1879 Afghan foreign affairs to be carried out with the consultation of the British. 1880 Bahrain agreed not to make treaties or agreements with any state without British consent. The Germans occupy Togo. 1881 France invaded Tunisia. Fall of Geok Tepe and massacre of Turkomans by the Russians. Treaty with Persia recognizing Akhal and Khorasan boundaries. State of Brunei under British protection. 1882 Secret Missions of Venkhoosky to Kabul, of Alikhanoff to Merv, and of Lessar to Herat. 1882-86 Said Abdul Ahad, Ameer of Bukhara. Ameer Abdur Rahman meets Lord Dufferin at Rawalpindi, India. Agreement on Afghan boundary [1886]. 1884 Cameroon becomes a German protectorate. Djibouti under the French. Muhammad ibn Abdullah, known as Mahdi of Sudan [1843-1885], liberated most of Sudan and captured Khartoum. General Gordon killed. 1885 The British trading companies under 'United Africa Company' conducted activities from the Island of Lagos to Sokota in the north, and under Royal charter from the British government asserted law and justice in the region. The Russians invade Afghanistan and occupy Panjdeh. Egyptian rule ends in Harar (present Ethiopia). The British conclude treaties with Somali tribes. The French conclude treaties with Sultans of Tajura and Gobad, and Issa Somalis, which ended in French Somaliland. The Italians concluded treaties with Sultan of Zanzibar and acquired control of Mogadishu. Oldest established and continuously existing Muslim community in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, U.S.A. 1887 Anglo-Russian agreement on Afghanistan signed at Petersburg, Russia. 1888 Alexander Russel Webb [1846-1916], United States consul to Philippines, accepted Islam. Born in 1846 in Hudson, Columbia county, U.S.A., Webb was appointed Consul in 1887 by President Cleveland. Served as the Editor of 'St. Joseph Gazette' and 'Missouri Republican'. Muhammad Alexander Russel Webb founded 'Islamic Propagation Mission' in Manhattan, N.Y. and in 1893 authored the book Islam in America, published by The Oriental Publishing Company, N.Y. Sultanate of Zanzibar dismembered by Germany, Britain and Italy, occupying the southern, central, and northern territories, respectively. 1889 The French defeated Chad and occupied it in 1890. Josephin Peladan claimed, without providing any evidence, that Jesus' tomb was under the Mosque of Omar. In 1890 Peladan founded the 'Order of Catholic Rose-Croix, the Temple and the Grail' in France. Peladan was a friend of Papus (Dr. Gerard Encausse) who was a confidant of the czar and czarina, Nicholas and Alexandra of Russia. (see 1788 CE) Edward W. Blyden, a noted scholar and social activist, traveled throughout the eastern and southern United States proclaiming Islam. 1890 The French annexed the Muslim Kingdom of Futa Jallon in Senegal. The first French settlement was established at St. Louis near the mouth of Senegal river. The British seized it in the eighteenth century but was restored to France by the Treaty of Paris. 1891 Treaty of Oman and Muscat with the British; British control the area. Treaty renewed in 1939 and 1951. 1891-93 Muhammad ibn Rashid, ruler of Hayil in Arabia defeated 'Abd al-Rahman Al-Sa'ud in the Battle of al-Mulayda on January 21, 1891. Al-Sa'ud sent his family in exile to Bahrain, then to Qatar. Shaikh Muhammad Al-Sabah invited the Al-Sa'ud to Kuwait. 1892 The French occupy Dahomey (Benin). 1893 Representation from several Muslim countries at the 'Columbian Exposition' held in Chicago. At the suggestion of Sultan Abdul Hamid II of Ottoman Empire a functioning mosque was built at "Cairo Street" in the area of Near Eastern displays at the exposition. 1894 Agreement on Russo-Persian frontier. Nicholas II, Czar of Russia. 1896 Accession of Shah Muzaffarul Din Kadjar (Qachar) of Persia. Sold a variety of industrial concessions to international investors. Egyptian army under Herbert Kitchener reoccupied Gongola province of Sudan. 1897 France occupied the State of Bagirimi. War between Turkey and Greece over the Island of Crete. Turkey appoints a member of Greece's royal family as the governor of Crete. Russia occupies Port Arthur. In a secret treaty with Ethiopia, the British recognize Abyssinian claims over Somali territory. 1898 Caliph Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Faqih of Sudan defeated by Herbert Kitchener in the Battle of Omdurman. Caliph Abdullah was killed in the Battle at Um Dibeikirat. 1899 Anglo-Kuwait agreement. In 1800, the southern border of Russia was approximately east-west line between Omsk and Uralsk. By 1900, Russia annexed vast Muslim territories to the borders of Atrek river and Amu Darya in the south and to the borders east of lakes Issyk kul and Zaysan. 1900 Turkish Sultan introduces Hejaz Railroad from Damascus to Medinah and from Aqaba to Maan; introduced fax communication. Fulani Ameers in Nigeria sign a treaty with the British for protection against the Germans and the French, which ended in British control of Northern Nigeria. Earliest recorded regular communal prayers conducted by the Muslim community in Ross, North Dakota, U.S.A. 1901 British millionaire William Knox D'Arcy signed a concession agreement with Shah Muzaffarul Din Kadjar to explore oil in Zagros mountains of western Persia. Habibullah Khan, Ameer of Afghanistan [1901-1919]. 1902 Abd al-Aziz ibn 'Abd al-Rahman Al-Sa'ud captured Riyadh, Arabia on 5 Shawwal, 1319 AH. Popularly known as Abd al-Aziz and to Westerners as Al-Sa'ud. 1903 Half of the world's oil pumped from Muslim Baku region. Nobel Brothers Petroleum company operating in Baku. The British occupy territories of the Ameers of Kano and Sokoto in Nigeria. 1904 The French establish a protectorate of Upper Volta (Bourkina Fasso). Upper Volta was a part of Muslim empires of Mali and Songhai. Dahomey (Benin) becomes a division of French West Africa. Representatives from several Muslim countries participated at the 'St. Louis Fair', at which a scaled to size replica of the City of Jerusalem was displayed. It included the Church of Holy Sepulchre, Golden Gate, Mount of Olives, Mosque of Omar and the Dome of the Rock. Anis Hamwi, a Muslim from Damascus, introduced the cone for serving ice cream at the 1904 Fair. 1906 All India Muslim League founded. Muslim deputation presents a memorandum to Viceroy Lord Minto at Simla. 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention of Petersburg: Both Russia and Britain to respect the integrity and independence of Afghanistan. 1908 Young Turks revolt in Salonika (now part of Greece). Husain appointed as Sharif of Makkah by Sultan Abdul Hamid II on November 1, 1908. Oil struck on May 25, 1908 at Masjid-i-Sulaiman, the site of ancient oil seeps in Zagros mountains of western Persia. D'Arcy and Burmah Oil offer public shares in newly formed Anglo-Persian Oil Company (1909). Chad incorporated into French Equitorial Africa. 1909 Sultan Abdul Hamid II removed from power on April 27 by the Ottoman senate under the pressure of National Young Turks. Turkish debt only 106 Million Liras, down from 2.5 Billion Ottoman golden Liras at his accession in 1876. 1910 Muslim population of Bulgaria was reduced to 10 percent from over 50 percent in 1877. In 1948, the Bulgarian government closed hundreds of mosques and banned the use of Islamic names. 1912 Ismail Kemal Bey proclaimed independence of Albania (predominantly Muslim) on November 28. William of Wied, a foreign Protestant Christian prince, placed as monarch of Albania in return for foreign protection. Hamdan, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi. 1913 Muslims comprised forty-four percent of the population of Eyprus. Twenty-seven percent of the population of Salonika was Muslim with more than twenty large mosques. Not a single mosque in the city today. Abd al-Aziz captured Hofuf and coastal towns of Qatif (between Jubail and Dammam) and al-'Uqayr. Treaty between Ottoman Turks and the British recognizing independence of Qatar. 1914 On June 17, 1914 the British parliament authorized British Admiralty to purchase 51 percent of Anglo-Persian Oil Company's stock. By 1916, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company supplied one-fifth of British navy's needs for the First World War. In November 1916, the Allies destroyed the oil facilities in Romania. Anglo-Ottoman Convention: Britain not to interfere in Qatar and Turkish influence limited to the area west of Qatar peninsula. Nigeria becomes a British colony. 1915 Albanian Muslim community in Maine built a Masjid and established an Islamic association. A Masjid was built in Connecticut by them in 1919. 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement between Britain and France on the division of Arab territories of the Ottoman Empire. Syria becomes a French protectorate in 1918. Abd al-Aziz meets with Sir Percy Cox and Gertrude Bell, British political officers, in Basra to strengthen the Saudi-British ties. Lawrence leads attacks on Hejaz Railway. The British and the French occupy Cameroon. Anglo-Qatari agreement: Britain pledged to protect the interest of the ruler and against any aggression from the Sea. 1917 General Maude captured Baghdad from the Turks. Harry St. John Philby, a British political officer, met with Abd al-Aziz. Philby was a confidant of King Abd al-Aziz in the early 1930's. On November 2, 1917, the British government issued Balfour Declaration which promised the Jewish People a "national home" in Palestine. The declaration is named after Arthur Balfour, the Foreign Minister of Great Britain and was developed as part of British-Zionist alliance. In 1914, only 5.3% of the population of Palestine was Jewish. Muslims were a majority in eight of the sixteen states that comprised the Soviet Union when the Communists took over in 1917. The declaration of November 15, 1917, jointly signed by Lenin and Stalin, stated that Nations in Soviet Russia are entitled to decide about their future any time. They have the right to secede from the Union and pronounce complete freedom... Their December 4, 1917 declaration stated "To the Muslims in Russia, be they Tartars of Volga... the Kaukaz of Siberia or Turkistan... Be assured that your traditions and faith and your national and cultural institutions shall be free from this day and nobody will object to these in future. You are free to organize your national life without any interference and obstacles from outside. A year later after consolidation of Communist power, all such declarations were treated as fiction. 1918 Turkey defeated in World War I. Allied forces occupy Istanbul (Constantinople) and the Straits. Signed an armistice at Mudros on October 30, 1918. 1918-20 Independent Republic of Azerbaijan founded on May 28, 1918, and the independent Republic of Kazakhstan founded in 1920. [Muslims in the Former U.S.S.R.]. 1919 King Amanullah [1919-1929] declares independence of Afghanistan. Third Anglo-Afghan war. Treaty of Rawalpindi: British control foreign affairs of Afghanistan. The largest meeting of the Khilafat (Caliphate) movement held in Delhi in October 1919. Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Hind formed in Delhi in November 1919 for carrying out political activities for India's independence. Upper Volta under French control. The French, Italian and British forces occupied parts of Anatolia, Turkey. Greek forces landed at Izmir (Smyrna) in Turkey on May 15, 1919. Islamic Association founded in Highland Park, Michigan. 1919-22 Abdul Aziz ibn Saud captured Turabah (1919), Khamis Mushayt (1920), Hayil (1921), and Tayma, al-Jawf, and al-Qurayyat (1922). 1920 Chad a seperate French colony. Somali struggle for independence from the British and Italians failed. It was led by Syed Muhammad ibn Abdullah Hassan. Indian Muslims organize Khilafat Committee, Mahatma Gandhi supports Khilafat movement. 1921 Churchill convened a meeting of 40 experts ("40 thieves" as he called them) in Cairo to parcel out the Middle East. All except two were Englishmen (and one Englishwomen), the two were aides to Faisal b. Husain. Abdullah installed as King of Transjordan and Faisal as King of Iraq. Both were sons of Husain, Sharif of Makkah. Russo-Persian Treaty. One of the earliest Muslim community in Canada was in Nova Scotia. 1922 Mustafa Kamal abolished the Turkish Sultanate. Turkish army recaptured Izmir, expelled the Greeks. Turkistan declared an independent republic, then Red Army occupied Turkistan and massacred Muslims. Demand for India's freedom from British rule began throughout India. India then included what is now Pakistan and Bangladesh. The British took control of India from the Mughals, Muslim rulers, in 1857. Polish speaking Tartar immigrants establish the American Muhammedan Society in Brooklyn, New York; built a mosque in 1926. See 1888 for Caucasian American Muslims. Islamic Association founded in Detroit, Michigan. 1923 Greco-Turkish war: 500,000 Muslims deported to Turkey. More than half of the Muslim population of Eyprus, Greece fled to Turkey or Albania. The Peace Treaty of July 24, 1923 recognized Turkish sovereignty over Anatolia and Thrace in Europe. Abdul Aziz ibn Saud signed an agreement with Major Frank Holmes of New Zealand, which entitled the Eastern and General Syndicate (EGS) to find a company to search for oil in eastern Arabia. 1924 Mustafa Kamal Ataturk abolished the Caliphate in Turkey. British General Allenby occupied Jerusalem on February 9, 1924, and it was ruled by the British Mandate. King Abdul Aziz ibn Saud [1924-1953] captured Makkah, Medinah, Yanbu al-Nakhl, Rabigh, Jeddah, and al-Qunfudhah. In 1925, Harry St. John Philby, a former British political officer, settled in Jeddah, accepted Islam, and took the name Abdullah. He was a confidant of King Abd al-Aziz in the early 1930's. In 1926, Russia recognized Abdul Aziz as King of Hejaz. Orthodox Bishop Fan Noli installed in Albania, overthrown six months later by Ahmet Bey Zogolli. Western part of Cameroon under the British. Hindu-Muslim riots in India. 1925 Reza Khan installed [1925-1941] and established Pahlavi Dynasty in Persia. The country name changed to Iran in 1935. Albania declared a Republic. Turkey concludes Treaty of Friendship with Bulgaria. 1926 The use of Arabic script to be phased out in Turkey as ordered by Mustafa Kamal Ataturk. Indian Muslim delegation participated in Caliphate Conference in Cairo and Muslim World Conference in Makkah. 1927 The first production oil well in Iraq was drilled at Baba Gurgur, 140 miles north of Baghdad. [Muslims and the Oil Industries (7th to 19th Century)]. Abdul Aziz recognized as King of the Hejaz and Najd, with Riyadh and Makkah as capitals. In November 1927, Gulf Oil (US) took over all rights to the Eastern and General Syndicate (EGS) concessions in Bahrain, Al-Hasa (eastern Arabia) and Kuwait. Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC) formed by the British, Dutch, French, and American oil interests, operated in Iraq. Gulf Oil joined TPC in 1928. 1928 Turkey declared a secular state. Mustafa Kamal Ataturk set up a commission for the adoption of Latin script in Turkey. Ahmet Bey Zogolli proclaimed himself king of Albania, also known as King Zog; de-Islamized Albania on the model of Kemal Ataturk of Turkey. The Shari'ah was subordinated to Swiss Civil Code. In 1945, all waqf properties nationalized and hundreds of ulema executed by Albanian Communist Party (ACP). Seventy-five percent of the population Muslim. No contact was allowed with Muslims in predominantly Muslim lands. On February 6, 1967, Albania proclaimed itself an atheistic state. Most of the 530 mosques locked up, others turned into museums, gymnasiums and artist's studios. The first Juma' prayer was held on November 23, 1990 in Tirana in over twenty years. 1929 King Amanullah of Afghanistan abdicated and exiled to Italy. Sardar Muhammad Nadir Khan, King of Afghanistan [1929-1933, assassinated]. Muslims defended the Al Buraq wall from take over by the Jews, which enclosed the southwest part of Al Haram Al Sharif in Jerusalem.  |
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