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Islam is the great relegion
EARLY ISLAM
Islam is Great Part 2
Islam Is Great Part 3
Islam Is Great Part 4
Islam Is Great Part 5
Islam Is Great Part 6
Surah-e-Fatiha
Quran in English
The Cow
The Cow 2
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| Islam Is Great Religion Part 4 |
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1602 CE (Common Era) Shah Abbas liberates Bahrain from Portuguese. Persia ruled Bahrain until 1718 and from 1753 to 1783. 1603 Ahmad I, Sultan of Turkey [1603-1617]. 1604 Ali Rayat Shah III, Sultan of Acheh, Indonesia [1604-1608]. 1605 Mughal emperor Jahangir [1605-1627], annexed Ahmadnagar [1607], Bidar [1609], Kuch Behar [1611], Kamrup [1612], and Tipperah [1618]. Sultanate of Macassar [1605-1669] founded in Southeast Asia, included Celebes. 1606 Benjamin Bishop, the British consul to Egypt, accepts Islam. 1608 Most of Baghirmi and Wadi people profess Islam. 1609 Philip III's decree, the "Edict of Expulsion" of Moriscos in Spain published. [Moriscos (Spanish Muslims)]. As many as two million Spanish citizens were forced to leave their country. [Islam and Columbus' America]. 1609-16 466 British ships captured or sunk by the Ottoman or Barbary galleys. 1617 Othman II, Sultan of Turkey [1617-1620, deposed; 1623-1625]. 1625 Murad IV, Sultan of Turkey [1625-1640]. Turkish naval presence on the shores of British Isles. [Islam in Britain: 1558-1685]. Sultanate of Bantam [1625-1682] founded in Java-Sumatra, Southeast Asia. 1627 Mughal emperor Shah Jahan [1627-1659, deposed]. 1629 Shah Safi, ruler of Persia [1629-1642]. 1631 Death of Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of Emperor Shah Jahan; Taj Mahal was later built in her memory. 1637 Iskandar II, ruler of Indonesia [1637-1641]. 1640 Ibrahim, Sultan of Turkey [1640-1648, deposed]. 1641 Queen Tajul Alam, ruler of Indonesia [1641-1675]. Turks capture Azov. 1642 Shah Abbas II, ruler of Persia [1642-1667]. 1648 Muhammad IV, Sultan of Turkey [1648-1687, deposed]. Taj Mahal completed. 1652 Oman expelled Portuguese from Mozambique and northern coastal towns on the east African coast. Mozambique is the corrupted name after the city's governor Musa bin Baik. 1654 English explorers to America reported a colony of bearded people who prayed like Muslims. 1659 Mughal emperor Aurangzeb [1659-1707]. He did not draw salary from state treasury and earned his own living. Aurangzeb issued Farmans granting Jagir (large parcel of agricultural lands) to several major Hindu and Jain temples, and Sikh Gurudwaras for support and regular maintenance of places of worship. The Farmans issued between 1659 and 1685 have been preserved. Guru Gobind Singh sent his epistle Zafar Nama to Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb was a prototype of Umayyad Caliph Umar b. Abdul Aziz [717-720]. 1667 Shah Sulaiman, ruler of Persia [1667-1694]. 1675 Queen Nurul Alam, ruler of Indonesia [1675-1678]. 1676 Kara Mustafa, Grand Vizier of Turkey. 1678 Queen Inayat Zakia, ruler of Indonesia [1678-1688]. 1682-87 Emperor Aurangzeb relocated his capital to Aurangabad, Deccan; annexed Assam [1682], Bijapur [1686], and Golkunda (Golconda) [1687]. 1683 The siege of Vienna lifted, the Ottoman Turks retreat. Kara Mustafa the Grand Vizier executed. 1687 Austria defeated the Ottoman Turks. Muhammad IV deposed; Sulaiman II, Sultan of Turkey [1687-1690]. 1688 Queen Kamalah, ruler of Indonesia [1688-1699]. 1690 Ahmad II, Sultan of Turkey [1690-1692]. 1692 Mustafa II, Sultan of Turkey [1692-1703]. 1698-1700 Emperor Aurangzeb annexed Jinji and Koukan. 1700 Murshid Quli Khan, a convert from Hinduism, appointed as Diwan by Aurangzeb's son Azim-us-Shan who was then Viceroy of Bengal. The beginning of conspiracies against Muslim rule in Bengal. 1703 Ahmad III, Sultan of Turkey [1703-1730, deposed]. 1705 Hussan ibn Ali, Turkish Agha of the Janisseries, proclaimed himself ruler of Tunisia. 1707 Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah [1707-1712]. Charles XII, King of Sweden, takes refuge in Turkey after his defeat in the Battle of Poltova by the Russians. Most of Montenegro's Muslims massacred in the revolt of 1707-1709. 1711 War between Turkey and Russia. Russia defeated at the battle of Pruth. 1712 Mughal emperor Jahandar Shah [1712-1713, overthrown]. 1713 Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar [1713-1719, deposed]. Syed brothers powerful at Mughal court; Saadat khan with Turani faction overthrow Syed brothers. Murshid Quli Khan appointed promoted to Viceroy of Bengal. The conspiracies against Muslim rule in Bengal begin to take shape. Ottoman Turks take Morea, Venice. Hodja Nefes reports discovery of gold in the Oxus. 1717 Arabic-speaking Muslims from Africa brought as slaves to America. 1718 Turkey defeated by Austria. Turkey loses Hungary, Treaty of Passarowitch. The Imam of Muscat seized Bahrain from Persia and ruled until 1753. 1719 Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah [1719-1748, deposed and reinstated in 1722]. Saadat Khan, the Mughal Governor of Agra [1719] and Oudh [1722]. Nur Muhammad Kalhora, ruler in Sind. Kalhora rule in Sind ended in 1783. 1720 Sa'ud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin, Chief of Dariya in Arabia [1720-1725]. 1722 Independent province of Oudh founded [1722-1856] in India by Saadat (Muhammad Amin) Khan who died in 1739 at Delhi during the battle of Karnal against Nadir Shah. Afghans defeat the Persians at the Battle of Gulnabad. Shah Mahmud controls most of Persia. Shah Tahmasp II of Persia [1722-1733, deposed]. 1723 Peter the Great of Russia orders Matushkin to attack and take control of the oil producing city of Muslim Baku for economic exploitation. Agreement between Turkey and Russia: Turkey to retain control of Georgia, Baku, Eriwan, and Tabriz. 1730 Oman liberates Mogadishu, Mombassa, and the islands of Mafia and Zanzibar from Portugese. 1738 Nadir Shah of Iran invades Afghanistan and India, takes away the famous Peacock throne from India. 1739 Safdar Jung, Viceroy of Oudh [1739-1754], India. Defeated Ahmad Shah Durrani in the Battle of Sirhind [1748], became Prime Minister of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah, created Multan as a seperate province of the Mughals. Sacked by Mughal emperor in 1753, Raised Shia-Sunni and Afghan-Iranian conflicts which helped in the disintegration of the Mughal empire. 1743 Al Abu Said dynasty in Oman. 1745 Muhammad ibn Saud, ruler of Dariya, became a follower of Muslim scholar and reformer Muhammad ibn Wahhab who later became known as the founder of Wahhabi Movement or Ahl-e-Hadith. 1747 Ahmad Shah (Abdali) Durrani ruler of Afghanistan [1747-1771], assumed the title "Durr-e-Durran"; Capital at Kandahar. His successor Taimur Shah moves capital to Kabul. 1752 Punjab, Kashmir and Sind captured by Afghan ruler Ahmed Shah Durrani. 1754 Shuja-ud Daula, Viceroy of Oudh [1754-1775], India. Concluded a secret treaty with the British and received arms in the conquest of Rohilkhund, which led to the rise of Marathas at the Mughal court. 1756 Siraj-ud Daula, Viceroy of Bengal [1756-57], India under the Mughals with capital at Murshidabad. His commander-in-chief Mir Jafar and the British had concluded a secret treaty to overthrow him. The British (East India Company) were to get two million sterlings and several millions to their designates from the forty million sterlings in Murshidabad treasury. In the Battle of Plassey [1757] Mir Jafar and forces under his command deserted Sirajud Daula and joined the British when the British were about to be defeated. Mir Jafar was installed as Nawab but did not last three years when the British installed his son-in-law Qasim to satisfy another secret treaty. Mir Jafar is known as the arch traitor who facilitated the rise of British power in India and the beginning of the downfall of Mughal and Muslim rule in India. [Quotes from 'Prosperous India: A Revelation' and 'The Law of Civilization and Decay']. 1761 Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated Marathas in the Battle of Panipat, India. Hyder Ali, ruler of Mysore [1761-1782], India. End of First Mysore war [1769], the British sued for peace with Hyder Ali with the Treaty of Madras. 1764 Ahmadi Gaya, ruler of Futa Bandu State of West Sudan, accepts Islam. 1770 Systematic plunder of Bengal, India led to the famine in which ten million people perished. The Bengal citizens of 'all ranks and orders' were reduced to a state of depression and misery. 1776 Muslim state at Futa Jallon established in Senegal. It was previously ruled by Muslim empires of Mali and Jolof. 1782 Tipu Sultan, ruler of Mysore [1782-1799], India. His prime minister and commander-in-chief were Brahmins. The British and the French conspire after the Treaty of Versailles. End of Second Mysore war [1784], the British sued for peace with Tipu Sultan with the Treaty of Mangalore. A coalition of the British, Nizam of Hyderabad, Marathas, Rajas of Cochin and Travencore attacked Mysore in the Third Mysore war. Tipu sued for peace in 1792 with the Treaty of Bangalore, two of his children retained as hostages by the British to assure compliance of the treaty, lost half of Mysore's territory. Fourth Mysore war in 1799 with the coalition of Nizam and Marathas. Tipu's Minister Mir Sadiq betrayed, Tipu Sultan fell fighting. The British annexed a large part of Mysore and the remaining was placed under a Hindu Maharaja. [Quote from 'Prosperous India: A Revelation']. Shaikh Ahmad Al-Khalifa takes control of Bahrain. Al-Khalifa's continue to rule to this day. 1783 King of Morocco recognizes the newly declared United States of America. He was the first sovereign in the world to so. 1784 Tennessee Governor John Sevier recorded an encounter with reddish brown complexioned people of Moorish descent in Western North Carolina. [The Melungeons: An Untold Story...]. 1786 Five of the first ten international treaties of the U.S. were signed with Muslim countries. The sixth and the first Muslim country was Morocco [1787], followed by Algeria [1795], Tripoli [1796], Tunis [1797], and Muscat and Oman [1833]. The treaties with North African states were negotiated primarily to protect the American ships on the Barbary Coast and in the Mediterranean from the corsairs. The British withdrew the protection of American ships when the Revolution began. 1787 The 'Treaty of Peace and Commerce' signed between the United States and Morocco bearing the signatures of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, and Sultan Sidi Muhammad ibn Abdullah. The Treaty, proclaimed by the President of Congress on July 18, 1787, was negotiated by Thomas Barclay and Al-Tahir ibn Abdul Haq Fannis. It remained in effect for fifty years. In 1967, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs noted that the treaty's basic provisions had never been broken, and the relationship that it had begun 180 years earlier was the longest-lasting treaty relationship in the United States history. Thomas Barclay was appointed as the United States consul general to France in 1783. While in Morocco during treaty negotiations, Barclay noted in his reports to Adams and Jefferson that "... there is not a man in the world who is a greater enemy to Slavery than he [Sultan of Morocco] is. He spares neither money nor pains to redeem all who are so unfortunate as to be cast away, whom he orders to be fed and cloth'd, until they are return'd to their country." 1788 French Jesuit priest Joseph Tieffenthaler suggests, without providing any evidence, that Babri Masjid (built 1528-29) is located in the proximity to the birthplace of Ram in Ayodhya. Tulsidas, in his famous work 'Ram Charit Manas' (1575-76), does not include Ayodhya among the principal places of pilgrimage of Hindus. Abul Fazl in his famous work 'A'in-e-Akbari' while describing festivals of Hindus in Ayodhya does not mention Ayodhya as the birthplace of Rama, although he mentions that Prophets Sheesh (Seth) and Ayyub (Job) (peace be upon them) are buried in Ayodhya (near Faizabad in U.P., India). (see 1889 CE) 1789 Selim III, Ottoman Turk Sultan [1789-1807]; introduced modernization and reforms. 1790 Moors Sundry Act passed by South Carolina legislature, granting special status to the subjects of Sultan of Morocco. It recognized Moors as "white" people with Jury duty as a privilege. Moors were not to be subjected to laws governing Blacks and slaves. Yusuf Ben Ali (Joseph Benenhaly), a Muslim from Morocco, fought in the American Revolution under the command of General Thomas Sumter. He later settled in Stateburg, where his descendants are still known as "Turks of Sumter County." 1797 Muslim state of Daghestan occupied by Russia. Death of Muhammad Khan Qachar, King of Persia. 1799 Khoqand declared an independent Islamic State. 1800 Napoleon Bonaparte and Czar Paul discuss invasion of India. Some Muslim historians have suggested that Asad bin Al Furat, the commander of Muslim forces in Sicily [see 827 CE], is the progenitor of Napoleon Bonaparte. Asad's descendants were known as 'Banu Furat'; for other such names see 1031 CE. In 1808 Napoleon appointed his brother-in-law Joachim Murat King of Naples (1808-15). 1803 Shah Shuja, King of Afghanistan [1803-1841, assassinated; fled in 1809], Durrani rule ends. 1804 Othman Dan Fodio, Fulani Muslim scholar, started revivalist movement among Hausa people. 1805 Sa'ud ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz defeated the Turk garrison in Hejaz, captured Medinah. The family became known as Al-Sa'ud in later years after their ancestor Sa'ud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin who died in 1725. Turks and Moors were considered outside Naturalization privileges in the U.S.A. after 1805. 1806 Turkey appointed Muhammad Ali as Pasha of Egypt [1806-1849]. 1807 Napoleon Bonaparte and Czar Alexander discuss invasion of India. 1809 Islamic State of Sokoto (Central Sudan) established by Othman Dan Fodio who assumed the title Sultan. 1811 Indonesia occupied by the British, restored to Dutch in 1816. 1812-18 Ottomans order Muhammad Ali, governor of the province of Egypt, to take punitive action against Al-Sa'ud. Egyptians capture Medinah [1812], Makkah and Taif [1818]. Saudis expelled from Hejaz. American missionaries gained access to Muslim lands through a Firman from the Ottoman Sultan granting special privileges [1812]. 1814 Definitive Treaty: Alliance between Iran and the British. 1818 Gezo, King of Benin (formerly Dahomey) [1818-1858]. Tahnun ibn Shakhbut, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi [1818-1833]; signed peace treaties with Britain. 1821-30 The Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Turks. Muslim population of Morea, Athens and Central Greece was 35 percent before 1821. Virtually no Muslims today. 1823 Sultan ibn Saqr, Shaikh of Sharjah [1823-1860]. 1824 Anglo-Netherlands treaty of 1824: Malaya under the British. Russian caravans sent to Bukhara. 1825-29 Russia declares war against Turkey. Treaty of Adrianople [1829]. 1826 Dost Muhammed, Ameer of Afghanistan [fled in 1839, 1842-1863]. Nasrullah, Ameer of Bukhara. Allah Kuli, Khan of Khiva. 1830 Algeria occupied by France. Turkish rule (313 years) ends in Algeria. 1832 Egypt defeated Turkey in the battle of Konya. capital of Oman moved to Zanzibar by King Sayyid Said. 1834 Muslim population of Belgrade reduced to one percent of the population, down from 20,000 in 1804, and in Serbia less than 5,000 in 1834 down from several hundred thousands in 1804. Belgrade once had more than 200 mosques. 1835 Faisal ibn Turki b. Saud appoints Ibn Rashid as governor of Jabal Shammar. 1837-38 Persia sends army to Herat, led by Russian officers. Russians at Ashurda. Stodddart, British envoy to Bukhara. Siege of Herat by Pottinger. First Afghan war. 1838 Faisal ibn Turki b. Saud surrendered to the governor of Egypt under Ottoman Turks. 1839 Egypt defeated Turkey in the battle of Nisibin. Abdul Majid, Sultan of Turkey [1839-1861]. The British occupy Aden after signing a peace treaty with Sultan of Lahej. The British sign treaties with Sultan of Tajuran and governor of Zeila (in present Somalia) then under nominal suzerainty of Ottoman Turks. 1840 Egypt forced to relinquish Syria by quadruple alliance of the Europeans. Ahmad Ben Namaan, a special representative of Sultan Sayyid Said of Muscat and Zanzibar, arrived with his ship 'Al Sultana' at New York. To the surprise of many he spoke English well. He received royal welcome from the city, state, and federal officials and visited Salem at the request of Massachusetts merchantmen. He delivered princely gifts to President Martin Van Buren. Namaan's portrait adorns the New York City Hall and Peabody Museum in Salem, Massachusetts. 1841 Moyotte Island taken by the French from Sultan of Moyotte, Comoros. The French occupy the Islands of Anjoun, Moheli, and Grande-Comore in 1886, 1909 and 1912. 1842 Retreat of British army from Kabul. Dost Muhammed restored as Ameer of Afghanistan. 1843 Faisal ibn Turki b. Saud escaped from Cairo and re-established rule in Nejd, Arabia. 1844 Anglo-Russian agreement. 1847 Ameer Abdul Qadir surrendered to France for safe conduct to a Muslim country, taken captive by France, later released in 1852 by Napoleon III. Treaty between the British and Sultan of Brunei for promoting trade and supression of piracy. 1848 The extension of the Prophet's mosque in Madinah during 1848-1860 by Sultan Abdul Majid. 1851 The French signed a commerce treaty with King Gezo of Dahomey (now Benin); the French then annexed its capital Porto-Wovo in 1863. 1852 Russia demanded guardianship of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, Turkey refused. European powers demanded certain rights for non-Muslim subjects under Turkish rule. 1853 Russia captured Moldavia and Wallachia then autonomous principalities of Turkey. European powers (Britain and France) get involved in the conflict and in Turkey's affairs. Turks defeated Russians at Olteniza and Citala. 1854 Ottoman Turks defeated Russians at Balaklava, Inkerman and Eupaturia. First recorded birth of a Canadian Muslim child (James Love) to James and Agnes Love of European origin (Scotland) in Ontario, Canada. 1855 Muslim revolt in Yunan, China. Zaid ibn Khalifah, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi. 1856 British war with Persia. The Sultanate of Oman divided into the Sultanate of Oman and Muscat and the Sultanate of Zanzibar, and ruled separately by two surviving sons of the Sultan. The United States cavalry hires Hajj Ali to experiment raising camels in Arizona. Hajji Ali is known as 'Hi Joly' in popular folklore. 1857 Delhi captured by the British, Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar exiled to Rangoon, Burma. Mughal rule [1526-1857] ends in India. More than 1100-year Muslim rule over India ends. Many regional Muslim rulers remain independent. The British executed 27,000 select Muslims in Delhi aside from a substantially greater number in general massacre. [Muslims in India - An Overview]. British Prime Minister Palmerston's Letter dated 9 October 1857, to Lord Canning, Viceroy of India, states "Every civil building connected with Mahommedan tradition should be levelled to the ground without regard to antiquarian veneration or artistic predilection." Treaty of Friendship and Alliance by the British with Dost Muhammad, Ameer of Afghanistan. 1859 Russia annexed the Islamic state of Dhaghestan, Imam Shamil surrenders. 1860 Muzaffer Eddin, Ameer of Bukhara. Sharjah divided into four separate territories by four surviving sons of the Shaikh: Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah, Dibah and Kalba. 1861 Abdul Aziz, Sultan of Turkey [1861-1876, deposed]. Turkey borrows money from foreign markets. The British annex the Island of Lagos, Nigeria. 1864 The British suspend the appointment of Qadees as government officials in India. 1865 Said Mohammad Rahim, Khan of Khiva. Death of Faisal ibn Turki b. Saud. Dissention among Al-Sauds. Ibn Rashids consolidate power in Nejd. 1866 The last Cherokee Indian chief was Ramadhan Ibn Wati (popularly known as Stand Watie, 1806-71). He was the last Confederate general to surrender his command to the United States on June 23, 1865. His son Saladin Watie served on Southern Cherokee delegation to Washington to sign a new treaty with the United States at the end of Civil War.  |
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