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Islam is the great relegion
EARLY ISLAM
Islam is Great Part 2
Islam Is Great Part 3
Islam Is Great Part 4
Islam Is Great Part 5
Islam Is Great Part 6
Surah-e-Fatiha
Quran in English
The Cow
The Cow 2
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| Islam Is Great Religion Part 3 |
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| 1301 CE (Common Era) Shamsuddin Firuz, King of Bengal, India [1301-1322]. Sultanate of Brunei founded [1300- ]. 1302 Muhammad III, ruler of Granada (Spain) [1302-1309, overthrown]. Governors of Almeria and Guadix revolt. Christians invade kingdom of Granada and capture Gibraltar, and border towns of Quesada, Bedmar and Guad Kos. Muhammad III captures Ceuta in Morocco with Christians' help. 1303 Muslim colonies in the modern states of Trengganu, East coast of Malaysia. 1303-10 Mongols invaded India in 1303, 1304, 1306 and 1308, were defeated by Sultan Alauddin Khilji in every battle at Amroha, Delhi, Multan and Punjab. Alauddin annexed states of Malwa [1305] and Jalor [1306]. Warangel, Devagira (Daulatabad) and Tanore occupied. States of Devagiri [1307] and Telingana [1309], and Deccan states of Dwarsamudra, Madurai of Pandya Kingdom, and Rameshwaram become a vassal of Delhi Sultanate [1310]. Khilji rule extends to the southernmost tip of India. Sultan Alauddin constructed the famous Jamia Masjid and Shamsi Hauz in Delhi. 1305 Muhammad, ruler of Mali [1305-1310]. 1308-12 Sultan Abu Bakri I of Mali undertook two expeditions into the Atlantic ocean. The Sultan did not return from his second voyage [1311]. Abu Bakri II in his 'Roudh al Kartos' reported this voyage in which the explorers landed in the Gulf of Mexico and explored the American interior via Mississippi river. In his famous book 'Masaalik al-absaar fi Mamaalik al-amsaar' (The Pathways of Sights in The Provinces of Kingdoms), the famous historian Shahabuddin Abu Abbas Ahmad b. Fadhl Al-Umari [1300-1384] described the geographical explorations of Mali sultans. 1309 Abul Juyush Nasr, ruler of Granada [1309-1314, overthrown], a patron of learning. Clocks invented. Reconquista by Ferdinand IV and James (of Castile and Aragon) began after reconciliation agreement between Granada and Morocco on Ceuta. Algeciras and Almeria besieged by Christians. Dissensions among Nasrid princes. 1310 Abu Bakr II, ruler of Mali [1310-1312]. 1312 Mansa Musa, ruler of Mali [1312-1337]; annexed Songhay. Famous traveler Ibn Battuta visited Mali in 1324-25. 1313 Mongols, the destroyer of Abbasid caliphate, repulsed in Syria. Tokte, the ruler of Golden Horde Khanate, died on the way to Moscow while on the military expedition when the Duke of Moscow defaulted on the payment of tribute. 1314 Abul Wahid Ismail, ruler of Granada [1314-1325, assassinated]. Defeated the Christians at the battle of Sierra d'Elvira [1325]. Assassinated within three days of his victory over the Christians. l315 Rainchan overthrows Raja Sinha Deva of Kashmir, converts to Islam, and rules under the name of Sadr-ud-Din [1315-1339]. l316 Abdullah ibn Sanbu, King of Nubia (present Sudan). Large numbers of Nubians revert to Islam, Arab immigration and intermarriage promoted. 1316-20 Delhi Sultan Malik Kafur, a convert to Islam; removed from power within a few months due to widespread atrocities and chaos [1316]. Delhi Sultan Kutbuddin Mubarak [1317]. Khusro Khan, a Hindu convert, usurped power under the title 'Nasruddin' [1317-20]. Khusro Khan openly scoffed at Islamic teachings, desecrated the Holy Qur'an, placed idols in the mosques, and boasted that Delhi has once again come back to Hindu dominion. State of anarchy. Ghazi Malik, the Khilji governor of Punjab, defeated Khusro Khan near Delhi and restored Delhi sultanate; assumed the title 'Ghiasuddin Tughluq'. Khilji rule ends [1320]. Delhi Sultan Ghiasuddin Tughluq [1320-25]. Tughluq rule in India [1320-1413]. Tughluqs were descended from Qurana Turks. 1322-31 Kingdom of Bengal divided into two [1322]. Both kingdoms became a vassal of Delhi sultanate [1225]. Bughra Dynasty of Bengal lasted only five decades. 1324-25 Mongols invade north India in 1324 and were defeated again. Sultan Ghiasuddin Tughluq died in an accident [1325]. 1325 Muhammad IV, ruler of Granada [1325-1333, assassinated]. Traitors at his royal court invite Castilians to invade the kingdom of Granada. Recaptured Gibraltar [1333], assassinated on his way back from Gibraltar. Malik al Tahir II, ruler of Samudra Pasai, Indonesia [1325-1345]. Jauna Khan, Delhi sultan [1325-51], assumed the title Muhammad Tughluq. Famous world traveler Ibn Battuta (born in 1304 in Tangier, Morocco) began his 120,000 kilometer (75,000 mile) voyage in June 1325 from his birth place Tangier to China and back. Muhammad Ibn Battuta reached northwest India (now Pakistan) in 1333 after performing his third Hajj. Ibn Battuta served as a Magistrate of Delhi (1334-1341) under Sultan Muhammad Tughluk. Later, Ibn Battuta was commissioned as Sultan's ambassador to China in 1342. He continued his voyage to China by way of west India, Maldive Islands, Ceylon, Bengal, Sumatra and Vietnam. Ibn Battuta describes his voyage in Rihlah. Ibn Battuta mentions Sultanates of Garoua and the Lamido of Rei Bouba in Cameroon. 1326-37 Ottoman Turk Sultan Orkhan [1326-1359], capital Bursa; controls Nicaea [1327], state of Karasi [1336], and Nicomedia [1337]. Ottoman Sultan marries Theodora, daughter of Kantakuzinos. Sultan Muhammad Tughluk relocated his capital from Delhi to Deogiri (Daulatabad) in Deccan [1327], back to Delhi three years later. Mongols under Tarmashirin invaded India, ravaged areas from Punjab to Delhi, Mongols defeated again near Delhi [1328-29]. Fakhruddin usurped power in Bengal and declared it independent of Delhi Sultanate [1336]. 1331 Death of Al-Fida (Abdulfeda) (Astronomy, Geography, History; 1273-1331). 1333 Abul Hallaj Yusuf I, ruler of Granada [1333-1354, assassinated]. Defeated by Christians at the battle of Salado. Peace treaty between Granada and Castile. Encouraged scientific research, literature and poetry, expanded Alhambra palace, built Alcazar palace and many public works including spring water supply for Granada. Stabbed to death while praying in a Mosque. 1337 Maghan I, ruler of Mali [1337-1341]. Independent principality in Khurasan by Abdur Razaq, capital at Sabzwar. Muzaffarid dynasty: conquers Kirman [1340], Shiraz [1353], and Isfahan [1354]. 1341 Mansa Sulaiman, ruler of Mali [1341-1363]. Famous traveler Ibn Battuta visited Mali on his return journey during Sulaiman's rule. 1343-51 Widespread revolts in several provinces after the Hindus in Deccan revolted. Hasan Gangu captured power in Daulatabad, Deccan in a revolt [1347]; assumed the title 'Alauddin Bahman Shah' [1347-58] and founded the Bahmanid kingdom in Deccan, India [1347-1527], capital at Gulbarga. Bahman is named after the Persian king Bahman who is known to the West as Artaxerexes. In his account of Bengal, Ibn Battuta stated that both the Bengal states of Sonargaon and Pandua were prosperous [1344]. Death of Sultan Muhammad Tughluq [1351]. He pursued many ideas in advance of his age, and was a scholar, philosopher, a master of style and supremely eloquent. 1345 Tahir III, ruler of Samudra Pasai, Indonesia [1345-1400]. 1346 Shah Mir, ruler of Kashmir [1346-1349], founder of Shah Mir dynasty. 1349 Islam spreads in Hausaland during the reign of Ali Yaji, ruler of Kano [1349-1385] in Central Sudan. Appointed judges for Shariah rulings. Jamshed, ruler of Kashmir [1349-1350, overthrown]. 1350 Alauddin Ali Sher, ruler of Kashmir [1350-1362]. 1351 Delhi Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq [1351-1388]; built 100 hospitals, 150 bridges, 50 dams, 30 reservoirs, 30 colleges, and 200 towns. Vassal states: Bengal and Jajnagar (present Orissa) [1359] and Thatta [1362]. Introduced many reforms, abolished most taxes, reclaimed waste land, set up employment and marriage bureaus, built a new capital city 'Firozabad' at Delhi. 1353 Mongol Ilik Khans rule ends. Turks control Tympa fortress on the European side of the Hellespont. 1354 Muhammad V, ruler of Granada [1354-1359, coup], fled to Morocco. 1359 Ottoman Turk Sultan Murad [1359-1389]. Ismail, ruler of Granada [few months, overthrown]. 1360 Abu Said, ruler of Granada [1360-1362, overthrown], fled to Castile. During 1360-1380, fourteen khans (rulers) of Golden Horde Khanate. 1361 Ottoman Turks control parts of Thrace, establish capital at Demolika, Thrace [1361]. Byzantines defeated at the battle of Matiza [1365]. 1362 Muhammad V reinstated as ruler of Granada, Spain [1354-1359, 1362-1391]. Established numerous schools and hospitals and encouraged trade and industry. Ibn al-Khatib who held the honor of the title 'Lisan al-Din' was his minister. Shahabuddin, ruler of Kashmir, India [1362-1376]. 1363 Qasa, ruler of Mali [1363, killed]. Mari Djata, ruler of Mali [1363-1373]. 1368 Golden age of Muslims in China during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). First Ming Emperor Chu Yuan-chang, his queen Ma Hou and several princes Hsti Ta, Ch'ang Yu-ch'un, Hu Tahai, Li Wen-chung, and Mu Ying were Chinese Muslims of Arab ancestors. Muslims fully integrated into the Han society. 1369 Amir Temur [1369-1405], ruler of Transoxiana. Chughtai rule ends. 1371 Ottoman Turks control Bulgarian territory up to the Balkans. 1373 Musa II, ruler of Mali [1373-1377]. 1376 Qutbuddin, ruler of Kashmir [1376-1394]. 1377 Ottoman Turks defeat the combined force of Hungarians, Serbs, Bosnians and Wallachians on the banks of Maritza river. Maghan II, ruler of Mali [1377-1378]. 1378 Mari Dyata, ruler of Mali [1378-1390]. Bairam Khawaja ruler [1378-1384] of the Turkomans of the Black Sheep; capital at Van, Armenia. The Duke of Moscow repudiated his allegiance and refused tribute to Golden Horde Khanate; defeated Golden Horde forces at Kulikovo [1380]. 1380-84 Toktamish, a prince of the White Horde of Siberia, captures power [1380] and becomes ruler of Golden Horde of Khanate. Amir Temur conquers Khurasan and Herat, invades Persia [1380], annexes Sistan and Kandahar [1381], Astrabad, Mazandaran, Rayy and Sultaniyah [1384]. 1382 Toktamish marched to Moscow and reduced it to submission. 1389 Ottoman Turks Sultan Bayazid [1389-1402]. 1389-98 Delhi Sultanate: Ghiasuddin Tughluq [1388-89, few months] and Abu Bakr Tughluq Shah [1389-94]. Alauddin Sikandar Shah [1394, few months], and Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah [1394-98]. Delhi Sultanate in disarray during 1394-98 due to infighting among Tughluqs. 1390 Mansa Maghan III, ruler of Mali [1390-1400, overthrown]. Songhay annexes Mali [1400]. 1391 Ibn Khaldun mentions Dunama II as the King of Kanem and Lord of Bornu. Abu Hallaj Yusuf II, ruler of Granada [1391-1392, poisoned], carried a pro-Castile policy and annoyed the ruler of Morocco. 1391-98 Amir Temur annexed Muzaffarid territory [1391], Jalayar territory, Baghdad [1393]; marched to Moscow and defeated the Duke of Moscow [1394]; defeated Toktamish, Sarai destroyed, Golden Horde Khanate (of Volga valley) rule ends [1395], annexed Khurasan principality [1396], and Delhi [1398]. The destruction of Sarai was similar to that of Baghdad in 1258; two centuries of cultural advancement destroyed. This tragedy marked the rise of Russia and the beginning of the retreat of Muslim rule in Eastern Europe. 1392 Muhammad VI, ruler of Granada [1392-1408]. Castilians invade the kingdom of Granada and capture the fortress of Zahra [1405]. Granadian Muslims capture Bedat and Alkadet. 1393 Bulgaria under Ottoman rule. 1394 Sikandar, ruler of Kashmir [1394-1416]. Sinha Bhat, a minister of Sikandar, accepts Islam. 1395 Death of Ibn Khaldun (Sociology, Philosophy of History, Political Science; Founder and Father of Sociology and Sciences of History; 1332-1395). 1400 Sultanate of Malacca [1400-1511] founded in Malaya, Southeast Asia. Parmeshwara accepted Islam, married a princess of the Muslim state of Samudara Pasai in Sumatra, and ruled by the name of Muhammad Iskandar Shah [1400-1424]. 1402 Ottoman Turks ruler Bayazid Defeated by Amir Timur, Bayazid taken captive. 1403 Ottoman Turks ruler Muhammad I [1403-1421] 1405 Death of Amir Temur while leading the campaign against China, buried in Samarkand. His empire extended from Ganges (India) in the East to the Mediterranean in the west. Shah Rukh, Timurid ruler [1405-1445]. Sultanate of Sulu [1405-1915] founded, which included Mindanao and Ma'manillah (Manila), Southeast Asia. 1405-14 Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah [1394-98, 1405-13]. Tughluqs remain in disarray after Amir Temur's return. Khizr Khan defeated Daulat Khan Lodhi. Tughluq rule ends [1320-1414], Sayyid rule established at Delhi [1414-51]. 1408 Yusuf III, ruler of Granada [1408-1417]. Castilians invade the kingdom of Granada and capture Antequera; Kingdom of Granada loses a part of its territory in a treaty with the Castilians. Abu Said helped by Yusuf III invades Morocco, overthrows the Sultan of Morocco and becomes the Amir. 1415-19 Ottoman Turks in Albania: capture Kroya [1415], Valona, Kanina and Berat [1417], and Gjirokaster [1419]. 1416 Nur Khan [Ali Shah], ruler of Kashmir [1416-1420]. 1417 Muhammad VIII, ruler of Granada [1417-1427]. Weak ruler. Amirs of Banu Saraj and Saghris revolt. Fled to Tunis. 1420 Shahi Khan [Zain-ul-Abdin], ruler of Kashmir [1420-1470]. Abolished certain taxes and Jizya on Hindus; built roads, canals, bridges, and irrigation facilities throughout Kashmir. Promoted learning and books in Kashmiri language. 1421 Ottoman Turks ruler Murad II [1421-1451]. 1425 Abul Khayr, an Uzbeg prince, ruler of the western Siberia [1425-1468], occupies Khawarazm [1430] and Farghana [1449]. 1427 Muhammad IX, ruler of Granada [1427-1429]. Muhammad VIII invades Granada from his base in Tunis and recaptures power [1429]. Castilians invade the kingdom of Granada. Muhammad VIII fled to Malaga after meeting reverse in the battle of Hinguervuda [1432]. 1430 Ottoman Turks capture Thessalonica. Albania becomes an Ottoman sanjak province. 1431 Ottoman Turks control Ioannina [1431] and Serres [1433] in Albania. 1432 Yusuf IV, ruler of Granada; installed by Castilian agents, died within few months. Muhammad VIII, ruler of Granada for the third time [1432-1445, overthrown]. Castilians invade the kingdom of Granada and annex the border towns of Jimena, Huesa, and Humela. Progressively lost territories until 1445. Civil strife within Granada. 1439 Ulugh Muhammad of Golden Horde withdrew from Sarai and founded the principality of Qazan. 1440 Iskander Bey (George Kastriotes) appointed as the sanjak-bey (governor) of Albania. In 1443 Kastriotes deserted Islam, joined Catholicism and led a 25-year revolt against the Ottomans. 1441 Crimea seceded from Sarai. 1445 Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler [1445-1449], also Astronomer. Muhammad X, ruler of Granada [1445-1454, deposed]. Castilian agents conspired to make the Kingdom of Granada a vassal state. 1446 Ottoman Turks victorious at the second battle of Kossova, Bosnia a vassal state. Ancestors of the ruling family Al-Saud sttled in Wadi Hanifa, originally came from Dariya on the Gulf coast of Arabia. 1447 Astra Khan seceded from Sarai. 1448 Rene D'Anjou established the 'Order of the Crescent' which was a restructured order of the 'Order of the Ship and the Double Crescent'. Rene (1408-80) held an array of titles as King of Naples and Sicily, King of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca, and Sardina, King of Hungary, King of Jerusalem (indicating a secret long term plan of some sort, as Jerusalem was under Muslim control), and earlier as Duke of Lorraine and count of Provence and Piedmont. Rene D'Anjou held the top position with the 'Ordre de Sion' (Order of Zion) which was renamed 'Prieure de Sion' in 1188 (see 1090, 1099, 1128, and 1188 C.E.). One of Rene's daughters married Henry VI of England. 1449 Death of Ulugh Beg (Astronomy; 1393-1449), Timurid ruler. Abdul Latif, Timurid ruler [1449-1450, assassinated]. 1450 Abu Said, Timurid ruler [1450-1469]. 1451 Ottoman Turks ruler Muhammad II [1451-1481]. The Sayyids rule ends at Delhi [1414-51], Lodhi rule established [1451-1526]. 1453 Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople, the capital of Byzantine (Eastern Roman) empire. 1454 Wallachia a vassal state of Ottoman Turks [1454]. Saad b. Ali installed as ruler of Granada [1454-1465] by Castilian agents. Paid annual tribute to Castile initially but failed to do so in 1462. 1455 The Pope issued a Bull (Papal Bull) authorizing Roman Catholics to "reduce to servitude all infidel people." (Infidels were considered those people outside official Christianity, and the term was used primarily for Muslims). 1456 Ottoman Turks annexed Serbia. 1457 Shah Ismail [1457-1524], ruler of Persia. The Council of Cardinals meet in Holland and decide on African crusades. 1461-64 Ottoman Turks annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina [1461] and Albania [1462]. Saad b. Ali failed to pay annual tribute to Castile in 1462; the Castilians attack the kingdom of Granada. Saad lost more towns as part of an agreement on the tribute owed and for cessation of hostilities by the Castilians. 1463 Islam widely accepted in Kano (then in Central Sudan) during the reign of Muhammad Himfa [1463-1499]. First Muslim ruler of Kano to observe Eid prayers. Kano becomes a cultural center. Famous theologian Al-Maghilli wrote the book 'Obligation of Princes' for ruler Muhammad Himfa. 1464 Sunni Ali, ruler of Songhay [1464-1492], a Kharijite; favored a compromise between paganism and Islam, took actions against Ulema [1469, 1486]; annexed Timbuktu and Jenne [1471-1476]. 1465 Abul Hasan, ruler of Granada [1465-1482, deposed]. Recaptured some border towns. Ferdinand, the ruler of Castile marries Isabella, the ruler of Aragon. The Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon attack the kingdom of Granada in 1482. Abul Hasan recaptures Zahra, while Christians capture Al-Hama, a key town of Granada. Royal family feud in Granada on future accession of Abul Hasan's younger son from his Christian wife Isabelle. Abul Hasan deposed by his elder son Abu Abdullah (Boabdil). Ma Wen-Sheng, a descendant of Abu Ali family of Kuang-Chou, served as Minister of War under Ming Emperor Hsien-tsung [1465-87]. He built a mosque in T'ai-yuan-fu, Shan-si province. Ma family settled in Shan-si. 1467 Black Sheep Turkoman rule ends. 1468 Turkomans of the White Sheep control Khurasan and Persia. 1469 Timurid state collapsed. 1470 Haji Khan [1470-71], Hasan Shah [1471-1489], Fateh Khan (Fateh Shah) [1490-97], Muhammad Shah [1497-1526, deposed], rulers of Kashmir. Anarchy, Several rulers between 1526 and 1561. End of Shah Mir Dynasty [1346-1561]. 1473 Ottoman Turks defeat Persia. 1475 Ottoman Turks annex Crimea. War against Venice. Turkey controls Aegean Sea. Sultanate of Demat [1475-1580] founded in Java, Southeast Asia. 1476 Ali b. Dunama (Ali Ghazi), ruler of Kanem-Bornu empire [1476-1503], capital at Nigazaragamu. 1479 Ottomans control entire Albania, except Durres, Dulcigno and Antivari. 1481 Ottoman Turks ruler Bayazid II [1481-1512, abdicated]. Murtada, Golden Horde ruler [1481-1499]. 1482 Abu Abdullah (Boabdil), ruler of Granada, is overthrown soon after his accession by the joint forces of his father and his uncle Muhammad al Zagal, ruler of Malaga. Boabdil seeks refuge with the Christians. State of anarchy in Granada. 1483 The extension of the Prophet's mosque in Madinah by Mamluk Sultan al-Ashraf Qaitbey. The green dome added. 1482-87 Muhammad al Zagal, ruler of Granada [1482-1487]. Christians attacked the kingdom of Granada and capture the fort of Losca [1486] and the fort of Velez. Al-Zagal fled to Morocco. 1487-92 Abu Abdullah (Boabdil, Muhammad XII) installed as ruler of Granada in 1487 by the Christians. Christian forces of the kingdom of Castile and Aragon attack the kingdom of Granada, capture Malaga [1488], Baza [1489]. Boabdil capitulated on January 2, 1492 and was allowed to leave Granada. 1492 Fall of Muslim Granada, Spain. [The Treaty of Granada]. End of Muslim rule in Andalusia [711-1492]. Christopher Columbus received contract at Al-Hambra Palace in Granada for his first voyage. Columbus once worked for Rene D'Anjou (see 1448 CE).  |
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