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IN SUMMARY
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The Importance of Exercise
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Stress Induced Stroke
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Theta Technologies Inc
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MIND CONTROL
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Memory maps
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Reflecting on Life
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The Power of The Subconscious
REFERENCES and ADDITIONAL DATA
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Recreating Memory
suicide
Depression
mind/brain recovery
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Experts View
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Ministroke explained
Updates on Strokes
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| Recreating Memory |
| MEMORY HAPPENS IN MILLISECONDS |
Memory happens instantaneously. In a millisecond, as a matter of fact. When neurophysiologists Benjamin Libet and Bertram Feinstein
of Mount Zion Hospital in San Francisco hooked people up to EEGs (machines that register brain waves), that's how long they found it. took the mind to register perception. One thousandth of a second is all the time it takes for sight, sound, smell, emotion, thought-the elements that make up a memoryto travel down a nerve ending to your brain.
A second is short enough, about the time it takes to say millisecond. Trying to imagine it divided into half or even tenths is difficult. One thousandth of a second is inconceivable, a space so small the mind can't encompass it. Instantaneously, in other words.
Your memory of the words someone is saying or facts you're reading happens so fast it actually occurs before you can become consciously aware of them. Perceptions may reach your brain in a millisecond, Libet and Feinstein discovered, but it takes 999 thousandths of a second more for what you heard or read to be relayed to your conscious mind. Almost a whole second, in other words.
Memory may take place instantly. But this speed doesn't make memory ephemeral or faint. Once there, it lasts forever. In laboratory experiments, brain researcher Wilder Penfield stimulated the brain's memory banks and people recalled events complete in every detail from their past they thought they had forgotten. Everything you've ever felt, sensed, done, or experienced, Penfield concludes in Mysteries of the Mind, is still recorded somewhere within your brain.
Tragically and unnecessarily, research has also shown that we lose access to most of our memorries within a brief span of time. Incredible as it seems, 50 percent of all we see and hear is gone within five min- utes. Two thirds is lost before an hour is over. By the next day, the figure is 90 percent.
Yet it doesn't have to be that way. Your memories are still there, stored in your unconscious memory banks.- It's really a matter of accessing them correctly, just as it is with retrieving files in a computer.
You can learn to get them back and to lock in key information instantly, so you can access it easier in the future. As you are about to discover, remembering is a skill, like math and relaxation, that can be learned. Before you have finished, you will have developed the knack of remembering more than 90 percent of everything you want to retain and recalling it at will. But even if you make use of only the four following techniques you'll find you have more than doubled your current memory power.
The strategies in this chapter strengthen your ability to remember by developing the mental circuits involved in memory. You may not realize it, but neuroscientists have discovered that mental exercise caus- es your brain to swell the same way exercise causes muscles to swell. When a broken finger is immobilized for a long time in a splint, the area of the brain that controls it shrinks. Conversely, when a finger is used in a new way or is exercised heavily the part of the brain that con- trols it grows. Q
STEPS TO INSTANT MEMORY
It's a well-known fact that many people can set their mental clock so that they can wake up precisely when they want to the next morning. Science has found the secret, and it's an ability anyone can learn.
You can use the same method to fix even the most complex data instantly into your memory. In essence, what you do is tag the infor- mation with a "mental charge." This charge lifts the information above other data and ensures your conscious mind will be able to locate it quickly and easily whenever you need to recall it.
"Instant Memory" is for when you find yourself faced without warning by important information that you know you will need to remember later. It's also amazingly easy to use. Just keep in mind these five simple words:
as it seems, 50 percent of all we see and hear is gone within five min- utes. Two thirds is lost before an hour is over. By the next day, the fig- ure is 90 percent.
Yet it doesn't have to be that way. Your memories are still there, stored in your unconscious memory banks.- It's really a matter of accessing them correctly, just as it is with retrieving files in a computer.
You can learn to get them back and to lock in key information instantly, so you can access it easier in the future. As you are about to discover, remembering is a skill, like math and relaxation, that can be learned. Before you have finished you will have developed the knack of remembering more than 90 percent of everything you want to retain and recalling it at will. But even if you make use of only the four following techniques you'll find you have more than doubled your current memory power.
The strategies in this chapter strengthen your ability to remember by developing the mental circuits involved in memory. You may not realize it, but neuroscientists have discovered that mental exercise caus- es your brain to swell the same way exercise causes muscles to swell. When a broken finger is immobilized for a long time in a splint, the area of the brain that controls it shrinks. Conversely, when a finger is used in a new way or is exercised heavily the part of the brain that con- trols it grows.
It's really a matter of accessing them correctly, just as it is with retrieving files in a computer.
You can learn to get them back and to lock in key information instantly, so you can access it easier in the future. As you are about to discover, remembering is a skill, like math and relaxation, that can be learned. Before you have finished the next four chapters, you will have developed the knack of remembering more than 90 percent ofevery- thing you want to retain and recalling it at will. But even if you make use of only the four following techniques you'll find you have more than doubled your current memory power.
The strategies in this chapter strengthen your ability to remember by developing the mental circuits involved in memory. You may not realize it, but neuroscientists have discovered that mental exercise caus- es your brain to swell the same way exercise causes muscles to swell. When a broken finger is immobilized for a long time in a splint, the area of the brain that controls it shrinks. Conversely, when a finger is used in a new way or is exercised heavily the part of the brain that con- trols it grows.
1. Believe you will remember the material ( this energizes the brain for remembering).
2. Intend to remember the material (putting genuine willpower into an effort doub.les its chances for success).
3. Visualize or repeat the material once clearly in your mind- 4.Consciously teLL yourself to remember the material. 5. Review your memory of the material the next day.
How often have you berated yourself because you need to remember vital details from a critical conference or an important document and failed to take notes? Torture yourself no longer. It never has to happen agaIn.
You can retrieve the information-all the salient details-with "Mental Review." Mental Review is a simple exercise that will help you recall any information-facts, names, nuances, your own insights- from events of the past few days in full detail and in "living color." It can also dramatically increase what you retain and understand of any critical information or experience.
Here's how Mental Review works:
!. Describe in detail the situation in which you encountered the information.
2. Set the scene.
3. Use present tense.
4. Try to recall the half-glimpsed details.
5. Relate details to other details, facts, and ideas; look for new
insights and connections. Continue till you recall everything important.
7. Review and write down the information you wanted.
BRAIN POWER DOUBLER
Use this powerful review process if you missed significant details of a recent event.
I. Write down the entire experience or say aloud into a tape recorder. Don't just review things mentally. Speaking or writing them will help reinforce them and cause you to remember more details.
2. Set the scene-what you saw, heard, felt, touched, even your own feelings and reaction. Describe every detail, The more detail the better. You will find every detail you recall will stimulate a whole host of other
details, each of which will trigger a whole flock of its own. (I am sitting in the conference room. The late afternoon sunlight is shining on the table. Carolyn is speaking. She is wearing a green sweater. ...)
3.. Stay in the present tense. It 4. Devote three to five minutes to this portion of the exercise. 5. After you've described the scene, try to pull in the half"glimpsed
details. (The speaker isn't wearing a wedding ring. ...)
6. Relate the$e details to your other memories, looking for new insights. Look for as many connections as you can. ( She talked about the suc- cess of their core line. But she said nothing about peripherals. Could there be a reason?) 7.. Continue until you are sure you have recalled everything important.
8. Review your notes or replay the tape. Write down the information you are trying to remember.
Need to commit complex material to long-term memory? Try "Mental Review," a strategy developed by Professor Matthew Erdelyi of the City University of New York. It's highly effective for job procedures, client specs, company reports, business abstracts, lectures, speeches, board meetings, workshops, and any other situation in which you encounter detailed, complex material that you will have to call on for some time to come. Mental review empowers you to literally reverse the learning curve. Instead of forgetting 90 percent of complex information, you '11 remember 90 percent. What's more, you'11 be able to access it on demand for years.
1. Ten minutes after learning, review for 5 minutes. 0 After one day, review 2-3 minutes.
2. After one week, review 2-3 minutes.
3. After six months, review for 2-3 minutes.
Because you don 't have to take written notes, many business people and executives use Mental Review to capture and reinforce key data that arise in impromptu conversations, during lunches, or at other social events.
BRAIN POW£R DOUBL£R
Use Mental Review the next time you need to capture the details in a long document or a spoken presentation.
I. Make a mental note of the points you want to remember. Maintain a running total of the number of points.
Z. Ten minutes after the presentation is finished or you are through reading, find a place where you can be alone undisturbed for five minutes. Review the key points you wanted to remember.
3. Say each point out loud to yourself once. Don't repeat. It's not necessary.
If you find there are points you can't remember, don't push to recall them. Just make your best guess and go on.
Need to commit complex material to long-term memory? Try "Mental Review," a strategy developed by Professor Matthew Erdelyi of the City University of New York. It's highly effective for job procedures, client specs, company reports, business abstracts, lectures, speeches, board meetings, workshops, and any other situation in which you encounter detailed, complex material that you will have to call on for some time to come. Mental review empowers you to literally reverse the learning curve. Instead of forgetting 90 percent of complex information, you '11 remember 90 percent. What's more, you'11 be able to access it on demand for years.
0 Ten minutes after learning, review for 5 minutes. 0 After one day, review 2-3 minutes.
0 After one week, review 2-3 minutes.
0 After six months, review for 2-3 minutes.
Because you don 't have to take written notes, many business peo-
ple and executives use Mental Review to capture and reinforce key data that arise in impromptu conversations, during lunches, or at other social events.
BRAIN POW£R DOUBL£R
Use Mental Review the next time you need to capture the details in a long document or a spoken presentation.
I. Make a mental note of the points you want to remember. Maintain a running total of the number of points.
Z. Ten minutes after the presentation is finished or you are through read- ing, find a place where you can be alone undisturbed for five minutes. Review the key points you wanted to remember.
3. Say each point out loud to yourself once. Don't repeat. It's not necessary.
4. If you find there are points you can't remember, don't push to4ecall them. Just make your best guess and go on.
5. An hour later, have a rcview session. Repeat the preceding steps. 6. Three hours afterward, repeat the process. 7. Six hours later, do it once more.
8. Right before going to sleep for the night, have a final review.
9. Repeat the entire review process three times on days two and three.
One of the best ways to double your memory power is to double the amount of mental storage space available for new data and recollections. Our minds accumulate a lot of mental rubbish over the years, from obsolete names, dates, and numbers to once-important facts and, figures we no longer need to know, to job procedures three jobs back,
to directions on getting across town yesterday to a place you will never go to again"
You can free all that wasted mental space with your mind's Memory Delete function. With it you can erase what you no longer need to remember. Memory Delete is really Instant Memory in reverse.
1Many software packages have a program that will delete unwanted files and programs. Your brain has one too. The next exercise will , show you how to "boot up" your mind's Memory Delete program. -
You have already acquired the basics when you learned Instant Memory. Now you put a variant of those five steps to work in reverse and use them to forget information instead of remembering it. qqq
O Believe you will forget. 0 Intend to forget.
0 Visualize the information. 0 Tell yourself to forget.
0 Don't think about it again.
BRAIN POW(R DOUBL(R #18 At night, before you gotosleep, take a few minutes to banish obsolete data. 1. Pick something you want to forget, whether it's the kind ofwork you performed at your last job or a series of figures you memorized for last year s reports.
2. Believe you will forget it. 3. Intend tQforget it.
4.Say Out loud or visualize clearly What you want to forget. 5. Consciously tell yourself to forget it.
6. Don't think about it again. (If you do, don't dwell on the matter.)
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| MNEMONIC TECHNIQUES |
POWER MEMORY- USING MNEMONIC TECHNIQUES
Have you ever seen those memory wizards who walk through an audience of people they've never met before shaking hands and then remember all lOO or 200 names and match them with the right per- son? Did you envy their luck at being born with a such a fabulous memory?
If so, don't be fooled. Your envy was misplaced. As with so many other things, memory wizards aren't born-they're made. The ability to remember every name you hear, every fact you study, every concept you learn isn't an inherited trait. It's a mental trick anyone can learn.
Developing a phenomenal memory isn't hard work. It uses your brain's natural capacities--capacities that usually go untapped. The technique is so basic it has been successfully taught to children.
No matter how bad you think your memory is, this technique is guaranteed to make you the equal of any so-called memory wizard. Professionals call it "mnemonics. " That dresses it up and makes it sound scientific. Calling it mnemonics also makes it seem difficult and technical. That scares many people and puts them off when they first hear the term.
Actually, mnemonics are nothing more than the ability of the mind to associate words, ideas, and images. Think of it as "association " rather than 'mnemonics" and you'll find it sounds far less intimidating and far more natural.
It has long been known that information becomes locked permanently in the mind when it is associated with something vivid, interesting, or unusual. This led to the old school of spanking or otherwise punishing children to reinforce rules that were not to be broken. Association is also the way most of us learned how to spell the title of the person who ran our grade school-we simply envisioned her with her arm around our shoulders being a "pal" as in "principal."
Association is a means of "tagging" or "labeling"--computer folk would call it "addressing"-information you may need for future reference. People use it to keep track of material relating to hobbies, their professions, even facts about people and places that interest them. A stockbroker uses it to remain abreast of important data in the realms of business publications he reviews each week. An entertain- ment executive uses association to keep track of the names of all the people, records, songs, movies, and television shows she hears of and impresses the artists and actors responsible later by seeming to know all about their careers. Because of it, an amateur chef is able to recall in detail anyone of thousands of recipes he has read over the years and reproduce it exquisitely for dinner guests. A corporate attorney who must cope with constantly changing governmental rules and regula- tions uses association to pinpoint rules that apply to new and ongoing work.
We will focus on four powerful associative or mnemonic techniques, each a classic method for multiplying memory power that will rarely, if ever, fail. Each technique shares a common factor, associating information around easy-to-remember elements and outrageous, unforgettable images. But each also draws on different mental abilities-visual, verbal, mathematical, logical-and yields the best results for different individuals. These four associative strategies are:
1. The Loci Technique 0 Pegwords -0 Acronyms
Data indexing
LOCATING MEMORY:
Want a fail-safe memory doubler? Here's one that has stood the test of time for more than 2,500 years! Roman orators used it to organize their speeches; memory wizards rest their success on its capable shoul- ders; salesmen have used it to keep track of customer names; and stu- dents have squeezed by exams on the strength ofit alone.
Bang! The name "AsWand" will be on the tip of your tongue.
NUMBER 2
If you are Visually oriented, use the Loci Technique to create vivid mental images that will1ock names, dates, facts, and figures in your memory. I. Select the items you want. to remember. (The figure 207, for instance) 2. Relate it to one or more of the five loci or places in your living room.,
doorway, sofa, 1V, lamp, picture. (Let's make it the picture and the
television.)
1. Create Visual images that incorporate data with the items from your living room. (Visualize the painting being a hideous green face with a price tag of $207 hanging off it~that you are kicking yourself mentally for purchasing. Visualize the television under the painting with a
repairman fixing it; he presents a $207 bill at the end) ...Review these images in your head several times a day for three or four days.
2. Next week try to recall the figure associated with them. (Bring the pic- Me to mind, the hideous green face-what price was it? Ditto for the television repair bill. You will be surprised at how easy they are to
recall. )
"Mary had a little lamb. Its fleece was white as snow. And everywhere that Mary went, that lamb was sure to go." Or "This old man, he played one; he played knick-knack on my thumb." No one ever forgets these snippets of childhood rhyme.
Our most remote ancestors were already aware of the power of rhyme to help pin down memory. Stories and legends of heroes, hero- ines, and gods were put in rhyme. Rhyme made things easier to remember because the end of one line gave a cue to the sound of the word that ended the next line and therefore to what preceded that word.
Most of us remember hundreds-even thousands--0f couplets, snatches of poetry, and entire songs because of the power of rhyme
snare mind and memory. "Double, double, toil and trouble. Fire burn and cauldron bubble," we hear Shakespeare's witches whisper once- and remember it always. And when we hear the phrase, "Roses are red, violets are blue," we know that the concluding word of the phrase that follows will be "you. "
What memory experts call Pegwords works in a similar fashion. It combines a contemporary scientific approach with the ancient power of rhyme. The result is an infallible memory system that many people con- sider second to none.
Pegwords link mental images for critical facts and figures with spe- cific rhymes to the numbers one through ten-"one" and "sun," for instance, or "six" and "sticks." The rhymes are your Pegwords.
Pegwords work especially well for those with mathematical or ver- bal orientations, but anyone can use them with remarkable results. As with the Loci System, you start by choosing a series of objects.
You can make up your own rhyming system if you want. But in his book Mastering the Information Age) Michael McCarthy offers the following ready-made pairings:
One -sun Six -sticks
Two -shoe Seven -heaven Three -tree Eight -gate Four -door Nine -vine Five -hive Ten -hen
Here's how Pegwords help you boost memory power when you
have vital information you need to remember:
0 Pinpoint as specifically as possible the facts, names, or ideas you want to remember.
0 Create a mental image that links that information to the objects. (Pegwords such as "sun" and "sticks") that rhyme with the num- bers.
0 When you need to recall the data, mentally review the numbers, and the image associated with the rhyming Pegword will pop right up, bringing the information you want with it.
Learning whiz Michael McCarthy offers this example: "Suppose you want to recall several points to bring up in a staff meeting: expand- ing the telephon~ system, finishing projects in a more timely manner,
and allocating tasks for a specific project. For the first point ( one-sun- telephone ), imagine a giant telephone floating in the sky with rays of the sun radiating out from it. For the second point (two-shoe-timely completion), see yourself at your desk stamping stacks of paper "Completed" with a giant shoe. For extra inputting strength, hear the "thud" of the shoe as it hits the pile of papers. For the third point (three-tree-allocation), visualize the people in the office sitting on branches of a tree, working away at various aspects of the project."
rake a minute to fix these images and rhymes in your mind. Tomorrow, try to recall the facts they represent using these Pegwords. You'll be impressed with how easy they are to remember.
BRAIN POW(R DOUBl(R #20
This exercise shows you how to apply Pegwords to crucial material you can't chance forgetting.
I. Pinpoint as specifically as possible the facts, names, or ideas you want to remember.
2. Create a mental image that links that information to the objects (Pegwords such as "sun" and sticks") that rhyme with the numbers.
). When you need to recall the data, mentally review the numbers and the image associated with the rhyming Pegword will pop right up bringing the information you want with it. |
| DATA INDEXING |
Have you ever looked at a room full of filing cabinets or read the label on a "l-gigabyte" hard drive enviously. Did you wish you could consciously store everything you need to remember, index it as accurately, and retrieve it as quickly? Don't despair. Data Indexing gives you the brain power to do that. You can create your own infinitely expandable mental card file, filing cabinet, or data storage program.
According to scientists, our brains are capable of retaining about 100 billion bits of information. That's the equivalent of 500 encyclopedias! The difficulty is locating and retrieving the specific bit of data you need instantly and easily when you need it.
Mostly that information sits there the same way you acquired it, random and jumbled. Searching your mind in vain for it is a frustrating experience and often doomed to failure. It's like walking into avast warehouse many city blocks wide holding an important letter and hav- ing to search for it one room at a time.
But what if you had a map of the warehouse, an index to the 500 encyclopedias' worth of memories and data stored in your brain? You'd multiply your brain power by 500 times when it comes to
memory.
With Data Indexing, you'll discover how to create a virtually infallible mental reference guide to those loo billion bits of information. Brain power expert Scott Witt compares the power of Data Indexing to 33 pages of information. One page of index in the average book, Witt points out, summarizes the key ideas in 33 pages of text. "Which would be easier to do," he asks, "memorize one index page or the 33
pages of text it covers?"
Data Indexing works in much the same way as do the labels on files or the "address" on computer data. You mentally assign a tag or label to the information that makes it difficult to forget. When you index-and subreference and subsubreference-you can consciously store and access an almost infinite amount of data.
Data Indexing is easy. It works memory miracles for everyone, but those who are logically oriented will find it particularly suited to their abilities. Data Indexing involves only four mental steps:
D Source Identifier-a "tag" that tells where the data to be indexed came from
D Subject Label-a "tag" that tells what category the data is being indexed under
D Data Linking-associating the facts to both subject and source D Index subordinate data through the same process In How to Be Twice as Smart) Witt offers the example of someone wanting to index information from his book Spare- Time Businesses You Can Start and Run for Less than $1,500. He suggests using "$1,500" as the Source Identifier, since it is unique to the book. Then create a mental picture of your mail-order business selling items that are price- tagged $1,500 each. Since one section is on mail order advertising and another is dedicated to catalogues, he suggests using these as Subject Labels. Finally he recommends creating an unforgettable address by linking the subject and source with a memorable mental image.
The great advantage of Data Indexing is that you never consciously memorize anything. You don't have to. Just hooking the images and labels together this way creates a mental filing system as good as any secretary or computer programmer ever created.
BRAIN POW[R DOUBL[R #22
Use Datafudexing for mentally filing names, dates, figures, facts, concepts, and any other kind of information you believe may prove critical in the future-
1.Create a mental Source Identifier that will help you recall where the data came from. (Material from Professor Lincoln's Brainstorming Seminar, for instance, could be tagged, "Prof. Lincoln's Seminar.")
2. Create a Subject Label to file the data under. (For instance, say the main tOpic was "Brainstorming"-you could use that word as your subject tag. fu fact, associate all future information about brainstorm- ing with it.)
3. Create a Data Linking image between them. (EnVision the professor dressed as Lincoln, stovepipe hat, beard, standing at the front of the class, a cloud pouring rain down on his head-a "brain storm.")
4.Link subordinate ideas. (A description of the six modes of thinking could be linked by an image of the professor with six storms circling hishead-tryto forget that image, if you can.) |
| ASSOCIATING WITH ACRONYMS |
. "
How do you remember "E-G- B- D- F"-the order of the letters repre- senting the musical notes on the musical staff? Is it by repeating the phrase "every good boy does fine" to yourself? It is for most people.
What about the Great Lakes? In many geography classes, teachers locked them into students' memories forever with a single word. Does that sound like magic? It is! Verbal magic. That one word was "homes." It's made up of the first letter of the names of each of the five lakes. That's H for Huron, O for Ontario, M for Michigan, E for Erie, and S for Superior.
Homes," like "every good boy. ..," is an acronym. You've seen them all your life-and many times during the typical day. Acronyms have grown from a memory trick to a staple of the modern world, nec- essary to help us remember the proliferations of companies, govern- ment agencies, and charities that surround us on all sides.
Acronyms are words or sentences designed to enhance memory power by reminding you of the first letters of important items you will need to recall later. "MADD"-for the organization Mothers Against Drunk Driving is famous. How many more can you recall offhand? Likely it's a large number, attesting to the efficacy of acronyms.
If you drive often, you will doubtless have noticed that many "personalized" license plates contain acronyms. Recently, I've seen LTRYWNR for "lottery winner"; HZNHRZ for "his and hers"; and WGESLV for "wage slave."
If you do well at Scrabble, crossword puzzles, and other word games, acronyms are a natural way for you to lock information in your memory. Even if you aren't some sort of linguistic whiz, you'll find cre- ating acronyms is not very hard, once you get the knack. The effect of acronyms on our memory is so potent you can even use them to recall unrelated words and dates.
0 List the first letters of the name or word for each item you wish to remember.
0 Rearrange and transpose letters until they form a word or the first letters of the words in a sentence.
O Be creative.
0 If you're short on vowels or consonants, fill in (you'll discover they are no barrier to remembering the key letters in your acronym).
Take the four mnemonic techniques presented in this chapter. Can you remember the names of all three? Would you be able to remember them tomorrow? Why not try to make an acronym of their first letters? They consist of L for the Loci Technique, p for Pegwords, A for Acronyms, and D for Data Indexing. That's L, P, A, D.
This might not at first look like a promising set of letters to work with. It's mostly consonants, only a single vowel. But remember, be creative-you can fill in the vowels if you need them. Try rearrangingthe letters a bit. Transpose the first letter to the end, for instance. The result is P-A-D-L. That sounds like "paddle" and you could remember it with this name. Reinforce it with an image of someone who forgot the four mnemonic techniques being "paddled."
Tomorrow ask yourself what the four mnemonic techniques are. The odds are high you will recall the letters P-A-D-L and immediately associate the Loci Technique, Pegwords, Acronyms, and Data Indexing with them.
Or make up a sentence with the first letter of each word the first letter of each one of the techniques: L, P, A, D. For something lively enough to stick in your imagination, you could come up with, "Lively Pandas Always Dance." Envision a lively panda dancing and you'll find you can remember the Loci Technique, Pegwords, Acronyms, and Data Indexing months and even years from now.
BRAIN POW[R DOUBL[R #21
Us~,acronyms whenever there's a list of items you will need to recall. Take your time with each of the four steps and you'll have the life-saving, memory-saving ability of acronyms at your service.
I. Make a list of the items you will want to recall later. (For example, let's go back to the Loci TechIiique, Pegwords, Acronyms, and Data Indexing. )
Z. Jot down the first letter of each item. (Say, L, f,A, D.)
J. Write them down in different orders and try pronouncing the result.
(In addition to "P-A-D-L," you can get "L-A-P-D." That pronounces something like "Japped!'.)
". When you find one that sounds like a real word, create an image that makes it easier for you to remember that word. ( Can you think of an image to associate memory and lapped?) |
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