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Intelligence
Intelligence and the childMythsGeneticsStudy of intelligenceNature of giftednessCreativityFAQIdentificationPsychology testsIQ scoreIdentifying talentscharacteristicsExceptional qualitiesObservationsLists and limitationNurture
Protegy and childhoodSecret of successGenius factoryObjectionsAssembly lineGrowthCultivating talentsProblemsPlay and explorationSelf conceptFamily relationshipKindergartenUnderachieversPre-schoolPrenatal developmentInfanthoodStimulation|
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| Stimulation and the baby |
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| Stimulation A highly responsive child would be acutely affected by everything that happened around it and would perceive events more intensely: sounds, images and physical sensations would be felt more strongly and would evoke sharper reactions. Such infants would be particularly vulnerable to stress through over-stimulation or excessive reaction. One must identify and reduce the potential sources and magnitude of excessive stress to all infants through more considered handling and general care. The more sensitive the child, the more keenly will these experiences be felt, and the more acute the distress once saturation point has been reached. Unlike the adult, the baby has no way of signaling that he's had enough except by crying. If a baby cries a lot, it might be worth considering whether he is over-tired, over-dazzled - overwhelmed by noise and movement. Jiggling and rocking which are often resorted to may in fact make matters worse. Wrapping him up snugly (this is comforting as it provides continuous tactile sensation all over the baby's body) and sitting calmly with him in a quiet place can sometimes help. Continuous soft, rhythmic stimulation such as slow gentle rocking or humming can soothe; gentle caressing of the baby's back and limbs may do wonders. A variety of approaches can be tried with the aim of reducing the input the baby is receiving. Later, when he is bigger and stronger, a highly responsive child may get over-tired much more quickly than others, simply by the amount he takes in through eager exploration. He may seem grisly, scratchy, easily upset. Again it is worth considering this behavior in terms of over-sensitivity with a consequent need to reduce the excessive strain. It has been thought that babies may be left alone for long periods during the day to learn how to entertain themselves : that this was either necessary for the adult or even offer good 'training' for later life. This may not be proper. All that is learned through such practices is that the world is a cruel and lonely place, that adults cannot be trusted, that they do not come when they are needed. Babies need constant contact with others. They will only learn to know their world by exploring it, first through light and sound, later by touch and action. Continued physical contact is important. Babies pass traumatically at birth from a situation of intense 'one-ness', wrapped tight and warm inside a safe mother, to a relatively cold world of space, bright light and other new puzzling sensations. The adjustment from the inside to the outside world is not easy. A highly sensitized child may suffer more than most, and feel the contrasts dramatically. Learning that you are still connected to others, despite being separate, is one of the most vital and fundamental human experiences. Babies need continued reassurance. It is seen in the way they nestle into their mother's arms, are soothed by stroking, explore and cling to their mother's body. Some babies need more reassurance than others, particularly those that feel overwhelmed by their experiences. With some babies it may be necessary to do a lot of carrying around, especially if the child cries constantly when left. It is better at this stage to indulge than to suffer the consequences of taking a sterner approach. There are some good comfortable harnesses available to make it easier. If the need for physical reassurance is satisfied in the early weeks or months, it is hoped the need will lessen and reach manageable proportions before weight becomes a real problem! Babies do become bored with particular situations. They need change and variety in appropriate measures. Knowing how much babies absorb we need to think carefully about the kind, the quality and the variety of interesting things we offer them for their entertainment. People are the best entertainment of all, and contact with people should be available as far as is reasonable during the day. Another method of soothing crying infants is to simply pick them up. Whereas soft rhythmic stimulation may put babies to sleep, lifting causes them to become visually alert, particularly if they are placed to the caregiver's shoulders as it offers an excellent vantage point for visual exploration. Even the smallest infants should be placed in positions where they can see what is going on and feel part of the community. They should also be offered the interest and pleasure of changing sights and sounds. The world inside the house, and particularly outside (for those fortunate few), is full of possibilities, so long as the baby is in a position to see, and to watch the movement of objects and listen to the variety of sounds. Obviously, a baby that has to lie on his back looking at nothing but a blank ceiling will soon be bored; but any situation, looked at for too long, will induce boredom; it is the change that maintains interest. Making colored mobiles yourself are easy and fun to watch, and the contents can be frequently and inexpensively varied. When making them it is necessary to introduce not just color variety, but such materials as silver foil, glossy paper , tinsel, colored balls, metal bells - in fact anything that will catch the light and breeze, and bring to the baby the fascination of color, movement and sound. Other ideas for bringing interest to the baby's room might include: moving the cot about the room to vary the view; sticking pictures or different colored shapes and patterns on the walls and ceiling, and changing these from time to time; hanging wind chimes or any other light object near the window or where there is a breeze to produce changes in movement and sound. There are a number of toys designed to be attached to a baby's crib or pram, which bring interest and color for him to see, and later encourage touch and play with his hands. Once a baby can grasp, however, he will take everything to his mouth so anything within a baby's reach must be safe in itself, and firmly attached to the cot. But the source of greatest interest will still be people. Parents and brothers and sisters can bring things of interest for the baby to see, create sounds for him to hear, introduce him to different tactile sensations. Facial expressions, a changing tone of voice, and the many varied ways of handling a baby - holding, rocking, stroking, playing with fingers and toes, tickling, kissing and caressing - are a form of communication and enlargement of his experience, so long as these stimulations are not excessive. |
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