One of the oldest building materials known to mankind is pumice which was used extensively by the ancient Greeks and Romans in the construction of aqueducts, amphitheaters, basilicas, baths and vaults. The famed Pantheon, built in Rome in 27 B.C., still affords proof of the durability of pumice.
When used in concrete masonry units, pumice can be utilized in its " natural" state, requiring only crushing and grading to size. Unlike manufactured and by-product aggregates, pumice does not require critical control processes that make room for errors and non-uniformity.
Possessing a chemical composition very similar to that of granite, pumice is a member of the family of igneous rocks (solidified from a molten state) which are widely recognized for their highly desirable concrete-making properties.
Ages ago, granite was exposed to intense heat generated within the earth itself that caused it to expand, turn into molten froth, and boil off its organic and chemical impurities. During volcanic eruptions of the molten mass and in the course of rapid cooling, tiny air cells - trapped in prodigious quantities in the chemically inert granite - formed minute sealed vesicles within the hardened material. The end result of these natural phenomena was a unique, lightweight material now called pumice (not to be confused with ash, tuff or other agglomerate material).
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