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MAJOR SETTLEMENTS |
| IMMIGRATIONS & NATURALIZATION, A CHRONOLOGY |
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| **********1562-1685********** | **********1697-1783********** |
| 1562: French Huguenots established on Paris Island Near Beaufort, South Carolina, but abandoned it within two years. 1565: The earliest Hispanic settlers within the area of the United States settled Saint Augustine, Florida 1598: Hispanics settled in New Mexico 1607: Jamestown, Virginia, was founded by English colonists 1614: The first major Dutch settlement was founded near Albany, New York 1619: The first black slaves arrived at Jamestown 1620: The Mayflower, carring Pilgrims, arrived in Massachusetts 1623: New Netherland (Hudson River Valley) was settled as a trading post by the Dutch West India Company 1629-1640: The Puritains migrated to New England 1634: Lord Baltimore founded Maryland as a refuge for English Catholics 1642: The outbreak of civil war in England brought a decrease in Puritan migration 1648: The treaty ending the Thirty Years' War stipulated that only Catholic, Lutheran and Reformed religions would be tolerated in Germany henceforth. Religious intolerance motivated large numbers of Germans belonging to small sects, such as Baptist Brethren (Dunkers), to leave America 1649: Passage of Maryland Toleration Act opened the door to any professing trinitarian Christianity 1654: North America's first Jewish immigrants fled Portuguese persecution in Brazil, arriving at New Amsterdam 1660: Acting on mercantilist doctrine that the wealth of a country depends on the number of its inhabitants, Charles II officially discouraged emigration from England 1670: English courtiers settled in the Carolinas 1681: Quakers founded Pennsylvania based on William Penn's "holy experiment" in universal philanthropy and brotherhood 1683: The first German settlers (Mennonites) arrived in Pennsylvania 1685: Huguenots fleeing religious intolerance in France and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV settled in South Carolina |
1697: The slave trade monopoly of the Royal African Company ended and the slave trade expanded rapidly, especially amoung New Englanders 1707: A new era of Scottish migration began as a result of the Act of Union between England and Scotland. Scots settled in colonial seaports. Lowland artisans and laborers left Glasgow to become indentured servants in tabacco colonies in New York 1709: In the wake of devastation caused by the wars of Louis XIV, German Palatines settled in the Hudson Valley and Pennsylvania 1717: The English Parliament legalized transportation to American colonies as punishment; contractors began regular shipments from jails, mostly to Virginia and Maryland 1718: Discontent with the land system: absentee landlords, high rents, and short leases in the homeland motivated large numbers of Scotch-Irish to emigrate. Most settled first in New Wngland, then in Maryland and Pennsylania 1730: Germans and Scotch Irish from Pennsylvania colonized Virginia valley and the Carolina back country 1732: James Oglethorpe settled Georgia as a buffer against Spanish and French attack, as a producer of raw silk, and as a haven for imprisoned debtors 1740: The English Parliament enacted the Naturalization Act, which conferred British citizenship on alien colonial immigrants in an attempt to encourage Jewish immigration 1745: Scottish rebels were transported to America after a Jacobite attempt to put Stuarts back on the throne failed 1755: French Acadians were expelled from Nova Scotia on suspicion of disloyalty. The survivors settled in Louisiana 1771-1773: Severe crop failure and depression in the Ulster linen trade brought a new influx of Scot-Irish to the American colonies 1775: The outbreak of hostilities in American colonies caused the British government to suspend emigration 1783: The revolutionary war ended with the Treaty of Paris. Immigration to America resumed, large numbers of Scotch-Irish |
| **********1789-1803********** | **********1807-1840********** |
| 1789: The ourbreak of the French Revolution prompted the emigration of aristocats and royalist sympathizers 1790: The first federal activity in an area previously under the control of the individual colonies: An act of 26 March 1790 attempted to establish a uniform rule for naturalization by setting the resident requirement at two years. Children of naturalized citizens were considered to be citizens 1791: After a slave revolt in Santo Domingo, 10,000 to 20,000 French exiles took refuge in the United States, principally in towns on the Atlanic seaboard 1795: Provisions of a naturalization act of Jan 29, 1795 included the following: free white aliens of good moral character; five year residency with one year in state; declaration of intention to be filed after two years; petition to be filed three years after declaration 1798: An unsuccessful Irish rebellion sent rebels to the United States. Distressed artisans, yeoman farmers, and agricultural laborers affected by bad harvests and low prices joined the rebels in emigrating. U.S. Alien and Sedition Acts gave the president powers to seize and expel resident aliens suspected of engaging in subversive activities Naturalization requirements were changed to require fourteen years' residency; the declatation of intention was to be filed five years before citizenship. Aliens considered to be dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States were to be removed; passenger lists were to be given to the collector of customs 1802: Residency requirements of the 1795 act were reasserted; children of naturalized citizens were considered to be citizens 1803: War between England and France resumed. As a result, transatlantic trade was interrupted and emigration from continental Europe became practically impossible Irish emigration was curtailed by the British passenger Act, which limited the numbers to be carried by emigrant ships |
1807: Congress prohibited the importing of black slaves into the country. Individual states previously prohibited importation of slaves; Delaware in 1776; Virginia in 1778; Maryland in 1783; South Carolina in 1787; North Carolina in 1794; Georgia in 1798. South Carolina reopened importation of slaves in 1803 1812: The war of 1812 between Britain and the United States brought immigration to a halt 1814: The War of 1812 ended with the Treaty of Ghent 1815: The first wave of immigration to the United States brings 5 million immigrants between 1815 and 1860 1818: Liverpool became the most-used port of depature for Irish and British immigrants, as well as considerable numbers of Germans and other Europeans as the Black ball line of sailing packets began regular Liverpool-New York service 1819: The first significant federal legislation relating to immigration: passenger lists to be given to the collector of customs; reporting of immigrants to the United States in a regular basis; specific sustenance rules for passengers of ships leaving U.S. ports for Europe 1820: The U.S. population was at 9,638.453. One hundred and fifty-one thousand new immigrants arrived in 1820 alone 1824: Alien minors were naturalized upon reaching twenty-one years of age if they had lived in the United States for five years 1825: Great Britian officially recognized the view that England was overpopulated and repealed laws prohibiting emigration. The first group of Norwegian immigrants arrives from their overpopulated homeland. 1830: Public land in Illinois was allotted by Congress to Polish revolutionary refugees 1837: Financial panic. Nativists claimed that immigration lowered wage levels, contributed to the decline of the apprenticeship system, and generally depressed the condition of labor 1840: The Cunard Line began passenger transportation between Europe and the U.S. opening the steamship era |
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