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| Go to www.full-spectrum-lighting.com to see our brand new website. See the benefits of scotopic light. |
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| The benefits of scotopic light are most applicable for achromatic tasks, e.g., reading printed material. Places such as libraries, office buildings and schools have the most to gain. |
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| To provide the greatest visual effectiveness, use a scotopically enhanced light source (one with a high (S/P)V. |
| Understanding The Difference Between Photopic And Scotopic Light. The human eye is a light sensing system with a retina (the photoreceptive medium) and an aperture (the pupil). The retina is composed of two types of photoreceptors: cones and rods. The cones provide for color vision and viewing fine detail while rods are associated with night vision. Why is this important? This is important because cones and rods have different spectral responses. Cones are most receptive to green light at the wavelength of 555 nm while rods are most receptive to blue-green light at 507 nm. So, if you introduce a light source that takes advantage of these subtle differences, you can greatly improve visual performance in the work environment. Light meters and photometric devices that measure light output are generally calibrated to the cone spectral sensitivity known as the photopic response. As a result, the light output of a lamp (lumens) is rated only in terms of its photopic content. Historically, the rod spectral sensitivity, known as the scotopic response, has generally not been considered relevant for interior lighting. However, many lighting professionals now believe that these photopic devices do not accurately reflect our perceptions of lit environments, and photopic lumens do not tell the whole story of a lamp¹s effectiveness. Researchers have found that pupil size decreases when light levels are increased. But increasing light levels isn¹t the only way to shrink pupil size. In typical building interiors, it is scotopic rather than more in the blue-green will be more efficient in contracting the pupil than white light that is deficient in blue-green composition. So, what¹s the relationship between pupil size, scotopic light and blue-green spectra? Nearly all people have imperfections in the lens of the eye. These imperfections cause optical aberrations (i.e. aberrant rays are allowed to reach the retina and these aberrant rays cause blurred vision). A smaller pupil size reduces these aberrant rays and visual performance is generally improved. A lamp that produces the blue-green light can maximize the scotopic response, shrink the pupil size and improve a person¹s brightness perception and their visual performance (acuity, contrast sensitivity and depth of field). While smaller pupil size can be achieved by simply raising photopic lumen levels, the more energy efficient way of reducing pupil size is to provide lighting that has a color spectrum which is more tuned to the pupil¹s response. Vita-Lite and Vita-Lite Plus can accomplish this. Even though full spectrum lighting has fewer photopic lumens than a standard brand 3000K lamp, its stronger scotopic light negates the photopic deficiency. With the smaller pupil, visual performance is maintained or improved at a lower lumen level. This can offer substantial energy savings. For tasks that require higher visual acuity, it therefore follows that light sources with this blue-green spectral distribution are more efficient at producing visually effective light. How can we compare lamps from the scotopic versus photopic perspective? Lamps are currently rated solely by using the photopic function as a calibration factor. This gives us the photopic lumens found in lamp makers¹ catalogs. To include the scotopic sensitivity function in lamp evaluation, a modifying factor is applied to the traditional lumen. A ratio of scotopic to photopic lumens (S/P) for a given spectral power distribution (SPD) provides a simple mathematical means to incorporate the sensitivities of both the rods and cones.
(The factor S/P is the ratio of scotopic luminous quantity to photopic luminous quantity for the lamp spectral power distribution. From a given photopic quantity, the analogous scotopic quantity can be found by multiplying the photopic quantity by the value of the S/P ratio. Natural daylight has an S/P ratio of close to 2.5 which means that it is highly scotopically enriched.) .When the S/P ratio is applied, based upon all three lamps SPD. This can have great implications for lighting designers and specifiers. Designers are usually reluctant to recommend lower light levels in the workplace as a means of reducing lighting energy consumption. But, by changing the lamp SPD, it may be possible to decrease light levels without reducing performance. Specifying fewer fixtures and using full spectrum lighting will save significant energy. In a retrofit situation, standard brands can be replaced by full spectrum lighting with the same amount of watts but far greater light quality and visual performance. The benefits of scotopic light are most applicable for achromatic tasks, e.g., reading printed material. Places such as office buildings and schools have the most to gain. To provide the greatest visual effectiveness, use a scotopically enhanced light source (one with a high (S/P) value). References: Energy & Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,University of California, Report No. LBL-36553, UC-1600, April 195. Berman, S.M., The Re-engineering of Lighting Photometry, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society. Berman, S.M., Physiological Response to Environmental Design: Improving Lighting Quality & Energy Efficiency With Light Spectrum, Speech at the Eighth Symposium on Healthcare Design - Journal of Healthcare Design, 1996. |
Full Spectrum Lighting Simulates Natural Daylight, What More Could You Want? |
| Why full spectrum lighting? It's Only Natural! Natural Light Helps Students Learn! The only patented, general-purpose flurorescent lamp that simulates the full-color and balanced ultraviolet spectrum of natural ourdoor light. Natural light reveals details and colors accurately...improves "seeability"...provides clarity at the work station...reduces eye strain...blends with window light...helps plants flourish. Its high color rendering index (CR) makes Natural light the ideal fluorescent for all tasks requiring accurate color and detail perception (Natural daylight: CRI=100, Full specturm lighting ; CRI=91). ******************  ********************Full spectrum lighting can reduce glare and is particularly effective over VDT screens and other visually demanding tasks. Full spectrum lighting is available in over 30 different wattages and sizes...and fits existing fixtures. |
| For More Information on Full Spectrum Lighting Go To www.full-spectrum-lighting.com. |
| Duro-Test Vita-Lite Full Spectrum Lighting durotest vitalite |
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