David Jackson: Took part in the Ben Wright expedition of 1852; one of the men who went out to reinforce Ben Wright's Volunteers about 6 September 1852.

Drew Jackson: Private.

Henry Jackson: Private.

E. P. Jenner: One of the members of Wright's 1852 expedition against the Modocs.

John Schonchin: Modoc chief; brother to Old Schonchin. See Schonchin.

Charles Johnson: Private, Troop K, First Cavalry. Killed during a charge on the first day of the Second Battle for the Stronghold.

Thomas W. Johnson: Private.

George W. Jones: Private.

John M. Jones: Private, Troop F, First Cavalry. He had a finger of his right hand shot away during the second day of the Second Battle for the Stronghold.

Walter Jones: Private.

Julia's Man: He supported Captain Jack in a vote taken shortly before the First Battle of the Stronghold.

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Harrison Kelly: Captain of a company of Oregon Volunteers during the Modoc War; editor of the Jacksonville Sentinel.

Reuben Ken-o-ke: Private.

Levy Kent: Took part in the Ben Wright expedition of 1852; one of the men who went out to reinforce Ben Wright's Volunteers about 6 September 1852.

William T. Kershaw: A member of both Samuel Smith's 1851 expedition and of Wright's 1852 expedition against the Modocs. Kershaw wrote briefly of the former and at somewhat greater length of the latter in 1857.

S. C. Kilgore: Petition signer (i and ii). Unknown. Probably not the S. W. Kilgore who worked on the reservation.

Edward Killebeck: Lance Corporal, Battery K, Fourth Artillery. Received a slight scalp wound during the Second Battle for the Stronghold.

Klamath Lake: Jacksonville Democratic Times: "The Big Klamath Lake is situated about 20 miles north of the California boundary line, and nearly due north of Yreka. Link River runs out of the southern side of this lake...."

Klamath River: See Link River.

Kol Kolick: Modoc warrior. A Lost River murderer according to Hooker Jim; otherwise unknown.

John Kop-pos: Private.

John V. Kuhn (c1831- ? ): Petition signer (i and ii). Originally from Ohio, married to Sarah ------ of Illinois; moved to California by 1864, where all four of their children were born: Edward (c1864), Harry (c1866), John (c1868), and Albert (c1869).

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Arthur Langell: Rifleman. One of the first settlers in Langell Valley, Arthur Langell was in the middle of the action after the Lost River Fight, helping to alert residents, rescue victims, and bury the dead. He served in the California Volunteer Riflemen in the First Battle for the Stronghold.

Joseph Langell: Petition signer (i). Joseph Langell and his sons Arthur and Nathaniel were some of the first settlers in Langell Valley.

Lava Bed: Alexander McKay: "...to the south [of Tule Lake] is the lava bed in which Captain Jack defeated our troops under General Wheaton at the last battle. This lava bed will average about five miles in width by about fifteen in length and has already been sufficiently described to convince the most incredulous that it is about the roughest place to fight in, in this or any other country. It has been described, or rather its surface has been compared to that of a sponge, and increases in its rugged character as the ratio of the sponge is to the area of the territory. ... Jack's camp is situated at the south end of Rhett [=Tule] Lake, about two and a half miles from the southeast corner and about three hundred yards south from its waters. It seems to me that if Jack could be forced from this position near the lake, he would be compelled to abandon the lava, as no water is known to exist in it, except on the north edge where it skirts the lake."

Alfred Law: Private.

Leon Le-lu: Private.

Isaac Lewis: Private.

Link River: The Jacksonville Democratic Times: "Link River runs out of the southern side of this lake [Klamath Lake], and forms a link with a slough at the north end of Little Klamath Lake within 5 or 6 miles of the boundary, and runs west nearly parallel, for several miles before turning into California, and is in reality the head of the Klamath River." Alexander McKay: "Link River--a beautiful stream with a rapid fall until it reaches the marsh on the westerly side of the Little Klamath, whence turns south and flows sluggishly along with little or no current until it suddenly turns westward, descends into a canyon, and is called Klamath River, although Link River is properly its head."

Linkville: The Portland Bulletin: "Linkville contains the United States Land Office, one hotel, one livery stable, one blacksmith shop, one carpenter shop, one school house, near by, one dry goods and grocery store, a number of dwellings, two saloons and lots of hospitality." Alexander McKay: "Linkville is a small village situated on Link river. It has probably fifty inhabitants, two stores, a hotel, blacksmith's shop and the requisite number of whisky shops. It has the trade of the settlers for miles around, and those there engaged in trade are reported to do a very profitable business; and during the first year it was a considerable market for wool. The traders receive their supplies from Jacksonville and Ashland, Oregon--probably about a hundred miles distant. The whole country around the lakes is fast being settled, by a thrifty, prosperous and energetic class of people, principally engaged in stock raising. Cattle, horses and sheep were to be seen in every direction. Stockmen with their vaqueros could be seen on every hand. . ."

Joseph Linn: Private.

Little Charley: Modoc warrior? A "Little Charley" was indicted by the Jacksonville Grand Jury for the Lost River murders.

Little George: Modoc warrior? Mentioned by the Yreka Journal as one of the Lost River murderers. Possibly an alternate name for Slolux; otherwise unknown.

Little Jim: Modoc warrior. Mentioned by the Yreka Journal as one of the Lost River murderers, and also indicted for them by the Jacksonville Grand Jury. Otherwise unknown.

Little Jim: Private, Oregon Volunteer Company B. A Klamath.

Little John: Murdered by Oregon volunteers while a prisoner of war.

Little Poney: Modoc warrior. Little Poney supported Jack in a vote taken shortly before the First Battle for the Stronghold. Possibly the same person as Poney.

Long Jim: Modoc warrior. Identified by Hooker Jim, Kate Schira, Mrs. Brotherton and the Jacksonville Sentinel as one of the Lost River murderers; he was indicted for them by the Jacksonville Grand Jury. He received a bad arm wound during the fighting, and so left the lava beds for Yainax; somebody there turned him in however, and he was arrested and sent back to the front as a prisoner of war. His escape was one of the features of the Second Battle for the Stronghold.

Long Jim's Father: Modoc warrior. A Lost River murderer according to the Jacksonville Sentinel. I don't know whether this individual is known by another name.

Lost River: McKay: "Lost River takes its rise from near the northeast corner of Wright Lake, runs northward into the mountains, thence westward, thence southward, thence eastward, and empties its waters into Rhett Lake. It is about eighty miles in length and in nearly the shape of a horse-shoe. It was near the mouth of this river that the Modocs were camped when the first fight took place, and from here Jack retreated south along the east side of the ridge dividing Rhett and Little Klamath Lakes to his present position."

Lost River Fight:

Lost River Murderers:

Joseph Lousignant: Private.

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Mainstake: Jeff Riddle mentions "Martha Mainstake, sister of Betsy Pokumkus, The Wild Girl, Indian name Lauw-Lauw-Waush," in a caption on p. 68. "Anti-Modoc" says that Mainstake's two children were not shot by Bob Small in the Lost River Fight, that they were safe and sound, a rather baffling comment in view of the fact that somebody's children were shot, but nice to know I guess. Bogart says that Matilda Whittle had a sister named Mainstay in the lava beds; perhaps this is the same woman.

Gustave Marks: Private.

Christopher Mayes: Private. Served in the Oregon Volunteers, Company A, for 63 days. He supplied his own horse. On 4 December 1872 he bought a belt, an undershirt, a pair of drawers, and a pair of socks. ON the 3rd of January he bought one and a half pounds of tobacco.

Dick McConnell: Rifleman. Served in the California Volunteer Riflemen in the first battle for the stronghold.

Joseph McKee: Private. Enlisted as a private in Oregon Company A on 7 January 1873 and was discharged 2 February. Two horses. One of nine recruits that left Jacksonville 8 Ja 1873 with Lt Reams of the Oregon Militia for the front.

Simon McKee: Private. Enlisted as a private in Oregon Company A and served sixty-three days. He supplied his own horse.

Thomas McKinney: Took part in the Ben Wright expedition of 1852; one of the men who went out to reinforce Ben Wright's Volunteers about 6 September 1852.

Terence McManus: Private, Battery E, Fourth artillery. Wounded in the left hand and left thigh during the Second Battle for the Stronghold.

Henry Meakens: Private, Battery E, Fourth Artillery. Received a flesh wound on his right leg during the second day of the Second Battle for the Stronghold.

August Meamber: One of the members of Samuel Smith's 1851 expedition against the Modocs.

John Merrit: Private.

J. F. Millar: Petition signer (ii). Unknown.

C. A. Miller: Petition signer (i and ii); unknown.

G. S. Miller: Petition signer (i and ii); also presented evidence against the Modocs to Otis in April 1827; otherwise unknown. Possibly the George S. Miller who settled at Lost River Gap in 1869.

Henry Miller: Victim. According to [James?] Hudson, Henry Miller was one of three (William Dingman and William Berry were the others) who settled with him on Tule Lake some time before the spring of 1870. When the Modocs returned from Klamath Reservation that year, the rumors that swept the area forced all four out in July. Hudson said it was out of fear of the Modocs; Miller said he left because he could get no one to work on his ranch during the panic. Miller had no difficulty solving that problem a little later on; he hired Modocs to do the ranch work, and as far as can be told, he got on well with them. Hooker Jim was a particular friend of his. He testified in their favor at the Otis Conference. He even helped the Modocs with their attempt to file on their Lost River lands as settlers. It's possible that he helped them out of fear, as some settlers charged, but the fact is, Miller did help them. After the Lost River Fight, when Hooker Jim and others murdered the settlers on the east shore of Tule Lake, Miller was one of the victims. Hooker Jim shot him. People have said that the Modocs held him responsible for the fight, that they felt he should have warned them, that they considered him a traitor. Hooker Jim said that he didn't recognize Henry Miller until it was too late.

J. M. Miller: Petition signer (ii).

James Miller: Private.

John Miller: Rifleman. Served in the California Volunteer Riflemen in the first battle for the stronghold.

Manuel A. Miller: Private.

W. H. Miller: Petition signer (i and ii); unknown. Possibly William Miller, 32 in 1870, laborer from Ohio, working for Granville(?) Naylor.

W. ?. Miller: Petition signer (ii); different from W. H. Miller, petition signer (i and ii)

Miller's Charley (18??-1912): Modoc warrior. Also known as Charley Miller. He was in Hooker Jim's village on the east side when the fighting broke out at Lost River, and he is said to have been injured in the fight. He was apparently involved in the attack on Sherwood and Boyle at time of the Peace Tent Massacre. He was still at large at the time of the trial, not surrendering until it was over. He died in Oklahoma in the summer of 1912.
Meacham [MW&W 396-7] says that he supported Jack in a vote taken shortly before the First Battle of the Lava Beds. This seems unlikely, in view of his support for the war subsequently, but I suppose it is possible that he switched sides.
POr (from YJr): "P. A. Dorris informs the Yreka Journal that ... Miller Charley was ... shot twice in the chest [in the Lost River Fight] and although losing much blood before able to reach Jack's camp, now shoulders a rifle...."

Robert Milton: Private.

Albert C. Modie: Private. Petition signer (i); A. C. Modic in MWC 218. I am assuming that petitioner A. C. Modie is the same as Private Albert Modie, Oregon Volunteers, Company A. Otherwise unknown.

Modoc Moch: Private.

Modoc William: Private.

Modoc Charley: Private.

Charles Monroe: This is the guy who had the trouble with the hay; apparently he did not pay enough hay for the use of the land according to the Modocs, so they took the remainder of what they felt they were owed. He testified against the Lost River Modocs at the Otis conference of April 1872. This character was associated with George Fiock in an encounter with Scarfaced Charley and a scouting party in the first days of the Modoc War.

George Monroe: Plaintiff. A plaintiff at the Otis conference in April 1872; otherwise unknown.

Mooch: Modoc warrior. Murdered by Oregon volunteers while a prisoner of war.

Richard Morgan: Sergeant, Battery E, Fourth Artillery. Killed on the third day of the Second Battle for the Stronghold.

Mosen-kosket Chief: Private.

Brown Mosenkosket: Private.

Dick Mosenkosket: Private.

Churchill Moss: Private.

Murvan D. Murphy: Private.

William M. Murry: Rifleman. Served in the California Volunteer Riflemen in the first battle for the stronghold.

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Clinton Nanny: Private. Oregon Company A for sixty-three days. Horse.

John E. Naylor: Petition signer (i and ii). Unknown; there is a Naylor family in the area however.

John Neil: Sergeant. 1st Sergeant in Oregon Volunteers, Company B. Enlisted 2 December 1872 and was discharged 2 February 1873. He supplied his own horse for the entire period. On 6 January 1873 he bought an overcoat ($10.00) and a pair of boots ($2.50).

Joseph E. Newcomb: Private.

W. H. Newman: Private.

N-gg-r Bill: One of the members of Wright's 1852 expedition against the Modocs.

George Nurse: Petition signer (i and ii); one of the first settlers in Linkville. He presented evidence to Otis against the Modocs in April 1872. He testified that he lived at Linkville, that he had been in the country eight years, that the Modocs had fired into his barn, turned their stock into his fields, and demanded pay for water and grass. On the basis of this he declared them a danger to both lives and property.

Wendelon Nus (c1830-1872): Petition signer (ii); early settler. Born in France (or possibly Belgium), Wendolen Nus was probably the first settler in the Klamath Valley. The story is that he was falsely accused of horse stealing, convicted, and, after his prison sentence was up, had come to the area to start afresh. His new life didn't last long; he was in Klamath country from 1866 to 1872, when he had a walk-on part in the Modoc War. He was on the east side of Lost River when the fight broke out, and was one of the first casualties.

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Eugene O'Connor: Private, Battery M [or E], Fourth Artillery. Received a flesh wound in the left leg during the Second Battle for the Stronghold.

Burtice F. Oatman: Private.

Old Doctor Humphrey: According to some newspaper accounts this person was indicted by the Jacksonville Grand Jury for the Lost River murders. This is a misprint; two names have been run together: Old Doctor (perhaps Curley-Headed Doctor) and Humpy (no doubt Humpy Jerry).

Old Duffey's Son: Modoc bystander. Stayed at Yainax during the war, but joined the exiles voluntarily, rather than be separated from his friends.

Old Longface: Modoc warrior. The only solid information is that he was with Captain Jack on the west side of Lost River when the fight broke out. Perhaps he is known by some other name.

Old Sheepy: Modoc bystander. An old man, formerly the leader of the Hot Creeks, he remained at Dorris' Ranch when the others joined Captain Jack, and took no part in the war. He was exiled to Oklahoma anyway.

Old Tails: Modoc warrior. He was with Captain Jack on the west side of Lost River when the fight broke out. He was killed by a shell, presumably during the Second Battle for the Stronghold.

Old Tails' Boy: Modoc warrior. He was with Captain Jack on the west side of Lost River when the fight broke out.

One-eyed Mose: Modoc warrior. Meacham says he was called One-eyed Mose "on account of defect in one eye"; which seems reasonable enough. On the other hand he says that One-Eyed Mose was with Captain Jack on the west bank of Lost River when the fight broke out, though both Sarah Brotherton and Kate Schira saw him with the murderers on the east
side of Tule Lake. Still, again, he is conspicuous by his absence from the lists of the Lost River Murderers given by Hooker Jim and the Jacksonville Sentinel, unless he is known there under another name, such as Wild Gal's Brother. He was indicted for the murders by the Jacksonville Grand Jury, for what that's worth.

One-eyed Riley: Modoc warrior or bystander. He was a casualty of the Lost River Fight.

Edward Overton: Petition signer (i); in Fiock's story of a battle with Scarface Charley a certain Overton appears, bringing coffins for Fiock and Monroe. Otherwise unknown.

Alfred P. Owen: Private. One of nine recruits that left Jacksonville for the front on 8 January 1873 with Lt Reams of the Oregon Militia.

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James A. Pankey: Private. Enlisted as a private in Oregon Company B 2 December 1872 and was discharged 2 February 1873. He supplied his own horse. On 5 December he bought an overcoat ($15.00), an undershirt ($1.75), a pair of blankets ($15.00), and a waist-belt ($1.50).

Peter Schonchin: see Schonchin.

W. S. Pierce: Sergeant. Enlisted as fourth sergeant in Oregon Company B 2 December 1872 and was discharged 2 February 1873. He did not supply his own horse. On 5 December he bought a saddle-blanket ($4.00), gloves ($1.00), socks ($.50), pants ($3.50), and a stake-rope ($1.00). On 28 January [sic; December?] he bought one pair of boots ($9.00) and a waist-belt ($1.50). On 12 January he bought one pair of socks ($.50), one overshirt ($2.00), one undershirt ($2.00), one pair of drawers ($2.00), and a quarter pound of tobacco ($.31¼). On 20 January he bought a half pound of tobacco ($.63) and 30 Janaury a quarter pound of tobacco ($.31¼).

Angus M. Poe (c1840- ? ): Petition signer (ii). Farmer, born in Kentucky; in 1870 living with his wife, Jane (born c1810 in North Carolina), and sons James, Robert, and John, and his daughter Mary J (born c1855 in Texas). One of those who complained about the Lost River Modocs at the Otis conference of April 1872. A Mr. Poe complained of losing a whip to two Indians; this was the subject of his complaint at the Otis conference. (A. M. Poe in petition)

James M. Poe: Petition signer (ii). Born in Missouri about 1849; Angus M. Poe's youngest son. (J. M. Poe in petition)

John W. Poe: Petition signer (ii). Born in Indiana about 1838; Angus M. Poe's oldest son. (J. W. Poe in petition)

Robert Poe: Petition signer (ii). Born in Missouri about 1845; Angus M. Poe's middle son. (Robbert Poe in petition)

Arthur Porter: Rifleman. Served in the California Volunteer Riflemen in the first battle for the stronghold.

John R. Powell: Private.

Joseph Price: Private.

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G. M. Rambo: Petition signer (i).

Dave Ream: Rifleman. Served in the California Volunteer Riflemen in the first battle for the stronghold.

Evan R. Reams: Lieutenant. 2nd lieutenant in Oregon volunteers, company A.

William Rexford: Private. Company A, 1st Brigade Oregon Militia. He became ill from exposure not long after enlisting, and died at Soda Springs on 3 January 1873.

James N. Reynolds: Private. Oregon Volunteers, Company B, for 32 days. He supplied his own horse. He purchased a quarter pound of tobacco ($.31¼) on the 7th, 10th, 18th, and 24th of January, 1873.

Rhett Lake: See Tule Lake.

F. M. R. Ripple: Petition signer (ii).

G. W. Roberts: 1st Lieutenant. Served as 1st Lieutenant under Captain Fairchild in the California Volunteer Riflemen in the First Battle for the Stronghold. He received a head wound in that battle from which he subsequently died.

Jonathan Roberts: Private.

William Roberts (c1824- ? ): Petition signer (i and ii). Born in Ohio, a resident of Alkali Valley in 1872, William Roberts appears to have been one of the men most active in the movement to get the Modocs onto Klamath Reservation. Not only did he sign both petitions urging the authorities to put the Modocs onto Klamath Reservation, but he also sent a report to the Jacksonville Democratic Times on hostile movements among the Modocs. These hostile movements consisted of (1) a Modoc calling a certain Mr. Miller from Long Tom Linn County a "damned Long Tom son of a bitch"; (2) some unknown person shooting at a man three times across the Klamath River; (3) a dispute between a settler and an Indian over payment for attempting to catch the settler's horse; (4) two Indians stealing a whip from Mr. Poe; and (5) the Modocs feeding Monroe's hay to their ponies. Unlike most of the petitioners, Roberts seems to have been willing to back up his words with action; at least a William Roberts was second sergeant, Oregon Company A, for sixty-three days and supplied his own horse. In 1870 William Roberts lived with his wife Margaret and had three children still at home.

Larkins Robinson: Private.

Rock Dave: Gumbutwas warrior. Possibly Curley-Headed Doctor's brother? Perhaps the chief of the Rock Indians (Gumbutwas)? Kate Schira named him as one of the Lost River murderers; the Jacksonville Jury also indicted "Dave," presumably the same man. Hooker Jim and the Jacksonville Sentinel also name Curley-headed Doctor's brother as one of the murderers, and Hooker Jim (or the interviewer) names this individual as Dave. That this is the same individual is only a guess.

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