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macedoniaJust When You Thought You Knew|
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| GREEK REVOLUTION 1821 |
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The Greek revolution and war of independence, which began in 1821, was the second on the "national revolutions" in the Balkan's. Greek life did not end when the Ottoman Turks took Constantinople in 1453. When the Turks occupied mainland Greece for 400 years, the Greeks secretly commissioned the printing of books for students, founded schools at home and in churches. There was a revival of Greek learning and traditions, traditional tales, appreciation of classical mythology, and epic poems about Orthodox martyrs and heroic klephts. In 1814 a secret society called the "Philike Hetairia" or 'friendly society' was founded in the Russian port of Odessa. The three founders of Philike Hetairia were, one was the son of a Greek fur dealer living in Moscow. The second was a Greek merchant of Odessa. The third was a merchant from the Ionian Islands. In their merchant associations, and their connections to the outside world, these three member put together the plot while abroad. Most of the members were merchants and shippers, notables, soldiers, priests, minor officials and teachers or students, doctors, lawyers and other professional men. The date for the uprising was first set for 1820, then pushed back to the spring of 1821. Turkey was at war with Persia, and in the Balkan's Ali Pasha was in revolt therefore believed that there would be not better time to act. Philike Hetairia planned to start the uprising in three places. One was the Pelopnnesse, where a core group of klephts and primates supported the plot. The second site was Istanbul, where there were plans for rioting among the Greek Phanariot community. The third part of the plan involved invasion of Moldavia and Wallachie (in Romania) by Greek forces crossing the Russian border from Odessa. Alexander Ypsilantis and a corps of student volunteers expected to lead Romanian peasants into battle against the Turks, assisted by a Romania ally, Tudor Vladimirescu. When Ypsilantis and 4500 men of the "Scared Battalion" entered Moldavia in March 1821, however, the Romanian peasants ignored the Turks and instead attacked the manor houses of their local boyar landlords: Ypsilants was retreated into Austria, where died in prison. The Greek invasion of Romania was a complete fiasco. At the same time, the class divisions in Greek society undercut the success of the uprising in Instanbul. The Turks reacted by handing the Greek Orthodox patriarch. The only success was in the Pelopennesse. The prime movers in the revolution were the klephts Theodoros Kolokotrinis who led the siege in Nafplio, and Markos Botosaris; George Koundouriotis and Admiral Andreas Miaoulis, both from Hydra; and the Phanariots Alexndros Manrokoradatos. The Greek Revolution in March 1821 was not lacking any leaders. Unfortunately a particular characteristic that was evident then and still surfaces today was a lack of unity amongst Hellenes. |
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