KAPAMPANGAN MADE EASY - BY ERNIE C. TURLA - Languages - http://maxpages.com/lesson/mergedpronouns

Knowledge in the use of merged pronouns is the key to a learner's proficiency in Kapampangan. One may know a lot of Kapampangan words, but the lack of knowledge on the language's mechanism would be a drawback to one's desire to have fluency in it. Quite often, the difficult task on a learner's part is in regard to which merged pronouns he has to use. As such, that situation could very well be the stumbling block in learning what is otherwise so easy to learn.

Just what in the world is a merged pronoun? A merged pronoun is a compound pronoun that contains both the subject and the object, and thus, a pronoun which is both in the nominative case and objective case. For instance, "daca" (kita, in Tagalog) is a merged pronoun. In the English language, which does not have this type of a pronoun, it translates to "I - you" as a single word. In the sentence, "Caluguran daca", the word "daca" is both the subject and the object, while "caluguran", being the transitive verb which means "love" in English, is the predicate. Translated into English,("Iniibig kita" in Tagalog): it is "I love you." Below are merged pronouns that you should familiarize yourself with, and learn how to use. They are given, along with their respective English and Tagalog translations. Bear in mind that Kapampangan pronouns have no gender. This is a very big convenience, because, unlike in English where you have to take into consideration the sex of the subject or object as well as to resort to the use of such cumbersome expressions as "He or she" and "him or her", in Kapampangan you don't have to. In the following course of study, whenever you come across "him/her/it" , it simply means the application of any of the pronouns therein. The same is true with its counterpart in the nominative case, "He/She/It". It just means "He", "She"or "lt". In the case of the English pronoun "we", Kapampangan has got three varieties of it and is more specific when it comes to who are included in it. Just for the sake of convenience and in order to avoid confusion, let's call them "We(1)", "We(2)" and "We(3). "We(1)" will stand for "the speaker and the one spoken to". In other words, it means "we, the two of us". "We(2)" will stand for "the speaker and the ones spoken of". "We(3)" will stand for "the speaker, the one spoken to, and the one spoken of".

Now, are you ready? Below are merged pronouns we have to
study.

I. PATTERN: Subject - Object (in which the object is, "him/her/it" )

1. que - I-him/her/it
2. me - You-him/her/ it (Note: the "you" refers to the singular "you")
3. te - We(1)-him/her/ it
4. miya - We(2)-him/her/ it
5. taya (pronounced tah-ya - We(3)-him/her/ it
6. de - They - him/her/it (Note: "re" is used in lieu of "de" when the word that
precedes it ends with a vowel sound
7. ye - You-him/her/ it (Note: the "You" refers to the the plural form)
8. ne - He/She/It-him/ her/it

NOTE:
In "que", "cu and "ya" are merged.
In "me", "mu and "ya" are merged.
In "te", "ta" and "ya" are merged.
In "de", "da" and "ya" are merged.
This is the reason why they are called "merged pronouns".

Now, let's use each of them in declarative sentences. From here on, we'll just be using "him" to represent the very bothersome "him/her/it" . Same way with "He", which will be used to represent "He/She/It).

And since very likely the ones that will study Kapampangan are fellow Filipinos, I've included translations into Tagalog too:

1. Que (pronounced "ke", not "kwe")
a.) Caluguran que. (Minmahal ko siya) - I love him. I love her. I love it.
b.) Iquit que. (Nakita ko siya) - I saw him.
c.) Penaya que. (Hinintay ko siya) - I waited for him.
d.) Licuan que. (Iniwan ko siya) - I left him.
e.) Dininan que. (Binigyan ko siya) - I gave him (some).
f.) Uman que. (Hahalikan ko siya) - I will kiss him.

2. Me
a.) Caluguran me. (Minamahal mo siya) - You (singular) love him.
b.) Iquit me. (Nakita mo siya) - You saw him.
c.) Penaya me. (Hinintay mo siya) - You waited for him.
d.) Licuan me. (Iniwan mo siya) - You left him.
e.) Dininan me. (Binigyan mo siya) - You gave him (some).
f.) Uman me. - You will kiss him. Kiss him. (both future & imperative) (Note: In
Kapampangan, the future tense and the imperative are the same. They are expressed
differently in Tagalog.)

3. Te
a.) Caluguran te. (Minamahal natin siya) - We(1) love him.
b.) Iquit te. (Nakita natin siya) - We(1) saw him.
c.) Penaya te. (Hinintay natin siya) - We(1) waited for him.
d.) Licuan te. (Iniwan natin siya) - We(1) left him.
e.) Dininan te. (Binigyan natin siya) - We(I) gave him (some).
f.) Uman te. - We(1) will kiss him. Let us kiss him. (future or imperative

4. Miya
a.) Caluguran miya (Minamahal namin siya) - We(2) love him.
b.) Iquit miya. (Nakita namin siya) - We(2) saw him.
c.) Penaya miya. (Hinintay namin siya) - We(2) waited for him.
d.) Licuan miya. (Iniwan namin siya) - We(2) left him.
e.) Dininan miya. (Binigyan namin siya) - We(2) gave him (some).
f.) Uman miya. (Hahalikan namin siya) - We(2) will kiss him.

5. Taya (pronounced "tah-ya")
a.) Caluguran taya. (Minamahal natin siya) - We(3) love him.
b.) Iquit taya. (Nakita natin siya) - We(3) saw him.
c.) Penaya taya. (Hinintay natin siya) - We(3) waited for him.
d.) Licuan taya. (Iniwan natin siya) - We(3) left him.
e.) Dinian taya. (Binigyan natin siya) - We(3) gave him (some).
f.) Uman taya. - We(3) will kiss him. Let us kiss him. (future or
imperative)

6. De
a.) Caluguran de. (Minamahal nila siya) - They love him.
b.) Iquit de. (Nakita siya) - They saw him.
c.) Penaya re. (Hinintay siya) - They waited for him.
d.) Licuan de. (Iniwan siya) - They left him.
e.) Dininan de. (Binigyan siya) - They gave him (some).
f.) Uman de. (Hahalikan siya) - They will kiss him.

7. Ye
a.) Caluguran ye. (Minamahal ninyo siya) - You (pl) love him.
b.) Iquit ye. (Nakita ninyo siya) - You (pl) saw him.
c.) Penaya ye. (Hinintay ninyo siya) - You (pl) waited for him.
d.) Licuan ye. (Iniwan ninyo siya) - You (pl) left him.
e.) Dininan ye. (Binigyan ninyo siya) - You (pl) gave him (some).
f.) Uman ye. - You (plural) will kiss him. You (pl) kiss him.

8. Ne
a.) Caluguran ne (Minamahal niya) - He loves him.
b.) Iquit ne. (Nakita niya) - He saw him.
c.) Penaya ne. (Hinintay niya) - He waited for him.
d.) Licuan ne. (Iniwan niya) - He left him.
e.) Dininan ne. (Binigyan niya) - He gave him (some).
f.) Uman ne. (Hahalikan niya) - He will kiss him.

Now let's go back to number one in the above sentences. What we'll do
is to add antecedents to the merged pronouns, as well as modifiers:

a.) Caluguran que. (Minamahal ko siya) - I love him.
1. Caluguran que y Michael. (Minamahal ko si Michael) - I love Michael.
2. Iquit que ing pusa. (Nakita ko ang pusa)- I saw the cat.
3. Penaya que nandin. (Hinintay ko siya kanina) I waited for him a while
ago.
4. Licuan que ing bale napun. (Iniwan ko ang bahay kahapon) - I left the
house yesterday.
5. Dininan queng baru y Marita. (Binigyan ko ng damit si Marita) - I gave Marita some clothes.
6. Uman que ing anac cu. (Hahalikan ko ang anak ko) - I will kiss my child.

Following these patterns, try to do the same thing with those sentences
in 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. For instance, change "que" to "me", "te", "miya", "taya", "de", "ye" and "ne" in the sentences above.
In doing so, are you able to change the thought? If you have my dictionary,
you can find words that you can use in place of the ones in the sentences above. For instance, instead of "Iquit que ing pusa", you can say, "Iquit que ing asu." Or, "Iquit que ing babi." Or "Iquit que ing manuc." Or "Iquit que y Michael nandin." Or "Iquit que ing anac cu napun." All of these are words already used in the samples I have given.

Now, here is a test to find out if you learned a lot from the lesson you've just studied. Get a sheet of paper and try to translate as well as you can in either English or Tagalog the sentences below. You're free to refer to the written lesson which I hope you have printed for your convenience.
If you have my dictionary with you, it would also help in as far as vocabulary words are concerned. But if you don't, a printed copy of my website, "Kapampangan in 12 Easy Lessons" would be a handy reference, and you can find it at http://maxpages.com/lesson .

Translate the following sentences into English (or Tagalog):

1. Sinulat que napun.
2. Ausan me y Dan.
3. Cuanan me ing papil.
4. Iquit te nandin y Gloria.
5. Lon ye ing letratu.
6. Ibuat taya ing lamesa.
7. Canan miya ing lechon.
8. Iquit de.
9. Subli ne bucas.
10.Alben taya.

Next lesson:
PATTERN: Subject - Object (in which the object is "them".)

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http://maxpages.com/lesson/mergedpronouns2

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Page Updated Fri Apr 3, 2009 7:13pm EST