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| KAPAMPANGAN IN 12 EASY LESSONS |
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| by ERNEST C. TURLA, instructor |
Lesson 11: VERBS AND THEIR TENSES
Note: This part is a little difficult for the average student and
and is here only for advanced learners who really care for refinement
in grammar. You may therefore skip this and scroll down till you
reach where it says, BEGIN.
Like in English, verbs in Kapampangan have tense. They are:
future, present and past. Example: the verb "sumabi"
future - sumabi (future)
present - sasabi (present)
past - sinabi (past)
In Kapampangan, the future tense of a verb in the indicative mood
(both for simple futurity and determination)
is expressed in the same way as the one in the imperative mood. So,
to express a command or a request, we use a verb in the future tense:
Sumabi ca. - (imperative) Talk., You talk.
(future, indicative) You will talk., You shall talk.,
You are going to talk.
In addition, it is also the infinitive form of the verb:
Thus, "sumabi" means "to talk", besides the meanings already given
above which are: "will talk", "shall talk" and "is or
are going to talk". In dictionaries, such as in the
Classic Kapampangan Dictionary, the entry words are
all infinitives.
In Kapampangan, the present tense that expresses fact is also the same
as those in the present progressive, past progressive and
future progressive tenses.
Sasabi ya. - (present) He talks. (present progressive) He is talking.
Sasabi ya iniang dinatang cu. (past progressive) He was talking when I came.
Sasabi ya pa potang datang cu. (future progressive) He will still be talking when I come
In Kapampangan, there is only one word to express both the past tense
and the perfect tense of a verb.
Example: Sinabi cu nandin. (I spoke a while ago. - past)
Sinabi na cu. (I have already spoken. - present perfect)
Sinabi na cu iniang datang ca. (I had already spoken when you came.- past perfect)
Sinabi na cu potang datang ca. (I will have spoken when you come - future
perfect)
Unlike in English where only verbs in the progressive tense can be used as a
gerund and/or as a participle, in Kapampangan, verbs don't always have to be in
the progressive tense. And they don't always end in "ing"
Examples: Present:
Ing sasabi, masanting. (Talking is good.) - gerund
Ing sasabing manica... (The talking doll...) - participle
Better to hear: Ing magsalita. Ing magsalitang manica
(Sumabi and Magsalita are synonyms, but sometime one word sounds
better than the other in certain circumstnces.)
Future:
Ing sumabi.... (The one who will be talking....)
Ing sumabing manica.... (The doll who will be talking....)
Past:
Ing sinabi.... (The one who was talking....)
Ing sinabing manica .... (The doll who was talking....)
Note: The above is kind of advanced and may be waived till later when the
learner is already really fluent.
BEGIN
Study the following: (The verb in parentheses is Tagalog.)
Infinitive: lumacad (lumakad) to walk
Imperative: lumacad (lumakad) walk
Future: lumacad (lumakad) will walk
Present: lalacad (lumalakad) walk
Past: linacad (lumakad) walked
Infinitive: sumulat (sumulat) to write
Imperative: sumulat (sumulat) write
Future: sumulat (sumulat) will write
Present: susulat (sumusulat) write
Past: sinulat (sumulat) wrote
You will notice that in Kapampangan, the infinitive, the imperative
and the future forms of a verb are all the same, which just makes sense.
In Tagalog, however as you will notice (), even the past form is the same
-- which is not so in Kapampangan.
Study the following declarative sentences to see more differences
between Kapampangan and Tagalog, and so as not to be confused:
Lumacad ca. (Lalakad ka.) You will walk.
Lalacad ca. (Lumalacad ka.) You walk or You are walking.
Linacad ca. (Lumakad ka.) You walked.
Sumulat ca. (Susulat ka.) You will write.
Susulat ca. (Sumusulat ka.) You write or You are writing.
Sinulat ca. (Sumulat ka.) You wrote.
Do you notice that "lumacad" is in the future tense in Kapampangan,
while "lumakad" is in the past tense in Tagalog? Do you notice also
that "sumulat" is in the future tense in Kapampangan while "sumulat"
is in the past tense in Tagalog? Likewise, do you notice that
"lalacad" is in the present tense in Kapampangan while "lalakad" is
in the future tense in Tagalog? Similarly, do you notice that
"susulat" is in the present tense in Kapampangan while "susulat"
is in the future tense in Tagalog? So, I advise you to be careful
in this aspect if you already know Tagalog. But it is just a cinch
once you get the hang of it.
To form the present tense of a verb: Write the root word itself,
then double the first syllable, and then add it before the root word.
For example, you want to form the present tense of "lumacad". First,
determine what the root word is, which in this case is "lacad". Then,
just double the first syllable, which in this case is "la". Subsequently
you form the present tense which is "lalacad". Now try the same
procedure on the word "sumulat". First, determine the root word which
in this case is "sulat". Then double the first syllable which is
"su" and you get the present form which is "susulat".
Now test yourself with the following verbs: (Note: Oftentimes, the
root word is just the word itself! However, if there is an infix
such as "um", omit it first before doubling the first syllable.
lucluc (to sit)
lundag (to jump)
lucsu (to jump, to skip)
tumerac or terac (to dance)
lumawe (to look)
sulagpo or sulapo (to fly)
cawe (to swim)
turu (to teach)
tuldu (to point)
gumulis (to make a line)
tumulac (to push)
lumapo (to overflow)
lumipat (to to go across)
gumato (to float)
tumubu (to sprout or grow, such as a plant)
cumusad (to crawl)
lumabis (to exceed)
cumulang (to lack or be short in)
salilung (to go to a shade)
Now check your work against these answers:
lulucluc
lulundag
lulucsu
tetarac
lalawe
susulagpo
cacawe
tuturu
tutuldu
gugulis
tutulac
lalapo
lilipat
gagato
tutubu
cucusad
lalabis
cuculang
sasalilung
If you wrote tutumerac,lulumawe, gugumulis, lulumapo, lulumipat,
gugumato, tutumubu, lulumabis, cucumulang,you are wrong and has not
observed the correct instruction. You should have removed the "um".
Now, to form the past tense of the verb: Determine the root word which
in some cases, is already the word itself. Then insert the infix "in"
usually right after the first letter. For example, in the root word
"lacad", insert the infix "in" after the first letter which is "l".
The result will be "linacad". Similarly , with the root word "sulat"
which becomes "sinulat".
Now try forming the past tense of the same words given in the exercises
above.
If you came up with the following answers, you're right:
linucluc
linundag
linucsu
tinerac
linawe
sinulagpo
quinawe
tinuru
tinuldu
guinulis
tinulac
linapo
linipat
quinato
tinubu
quinusad
linabis
quinulang
sinalilung
Do you know why the "c" became a "qu" in some of them? Refer to
the previous lessons regarding this peculiarity. Or, here, I'll
give it to you now: The letter "C" can not be followed by "e" or "i",
as otherwise it will have a soft sound like the "c" in Spanish-derived
words such as "cine", "princesa" and "Cecilia". To maintain its hard
sound,"QU" is used.
The rule that you just learned is a general rule. As in all rules
there are exceptions. You will just learn the exceptions as you
go along in your conversations with other people. But even if you
follow this rule in all verbs, even if you come up with something
wrong, you would still be understood by the native speaker.
Here is another rule. If the verb begins with the prefix "mag", it
is what we call a regular verb and is always transitive.
To form it's present tense, just spell it the same way but
pronounce the "a" with a prolonged sound. Like the sound of the
"a" in the word "Pa" or "father"). To form its past tense, change
the prefix "mag" to "mig". Very easy, isn't it? For example, the verb,
"magsalita" which means "to speak":
Future: magsalita - (magsasalita in Tagalog) will speak
Present: magsalita - (nagsasalita in Tagalog) speak or speaking
Past: migsalita - (nagsalita in Tagalog) spoke
Now try to do the same thing with the following regular verbs:
magdala
maglulan
magsuartu
magpalimus
maglibut
magbili
maglaram
maglundag
magcanta
maglutu
magdatun
magsaya
Other regular verbs begin with "ma".
To form their past tense, change the "ma" to "me".
Examples:
manabu - menabu
mabaldug - mebaldug
mangan - mengan
mate - mete
malumud - melumud
Here is how to form their present tense:
manabu - mananabu
mabaldug - mababaldug
mangan - mamangan
mate - mamamate
malumud - malulumud
Like in everything else, there are exceptions to a rule,
and you will just learn them as you go along in your
studies.
Now go to the next lesson by clicking: 
http://maxpages.com/lesson/Lesson12
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