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| Hakuda Ryu Kempo & Tuite |
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| Kempo Jutsu Mon |
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Hakutsuru
The Word Haku (White) is also often used in Okinawa in conjunction with the term Tsuru which means Crane, as in Hakutsuru, which means White Crane, a system that is believed to have links with the Fukien, Cantonese and Northern White Crane Chaun Fa (Kung Fu) Styles which have influenced the development of both Okinawan Shorei & Shorin Ryu styles of Kempo.
All of the Crane systems are believed to be based, at least in part, on Lo Han 18 Monk Fist Chinese Boxing of the Shaolin Kung Fu tradition. One of the 5 animals of Shaolin was the Crane and the Crane has been combined in styles with the snake, the bear and the Tiger, all at one time or another Shaolin animals. The original animals are believed to have been the Crane for sinew, the Tiger for Bone, The Leopard for Strength, the Snake for Chi and the dragon for spirit. In Five ancestor fist an important Fukien style to have influneced Okinawan Karate the Crane is combined with the monkey, Grand Ancestor and Lohan boxing along with Daruma's (Tamo) Iron body conditioning exercises based on the I Chin Ching (Muscle Change Classic). It should also be noted that Wing Chun is also related to White Crane. In the Fukkien province of Southern China, with which Okinawa has had long links to the point that an Okinawan Community was established there a number of variations of the White Crane style were practised and often taught by Chinese from Fukkien when visiting Okinawa. one example of this is the tea merchant Go Genki.
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Shorei and Shorin Ryu Kempo
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In Okinawan Karate there has traditionally been a division of Karate schools into what was called Shorei Ryu and Shorin Ryu.
Shorei Ryu or Naha Te
Shorei Ryu is the name given to those styles of Te that are found in the Okinawan City of Naha where due to the influence of the 36 families of Chinese Nobles and Artisans the Te is been based on complete Chinese boxing systems. Naha Te is often regarded as the basis for the Shorei Ryu styles of Karate such as Goju Ryu and Uechi Ryu both of which like many External Chinese Chaun Fa styles emphasise body conditioning and low stances.
The restorer of Naha Te was one Kanryo Higashionnna who had studied Whooping Crane in China under its founder Xie Zhongxian, who is known by his Okinawan name Ryuro Ko (1852-1930) who was a student of Yongchun White Crane master Pan Yuba. Kanryo Higashionna also learnt some Lo Han Quan (Monkfist Boxing) from Wai Xinian who had also taught Aragaki Tsui Peichin (1840-1918).
Shorin Ryu or Shuri Te and Tomari Te
Shorin Ryu is based on the Ti of Tomari and Shuri in Okinawa as taught by the likes of Sakugawa Satunushi (circa 1700 - 1800), Sokon Matsumura (1809-1901), and Kishimoto Soko (1862 - 1945).
Sokon Matsumura (1809-1901), is believed to have learnt the native Okinawan art of Ti, and served as a body guard to the Okinawan Royal family. Some sources seem to indicate that Matsumura was a one time teacher of Choyu Motobu. Sokon Matsumura teachers included Ason and Iwah, both Gong Fu Masters and Sakugawa Satunushi.
It was Sakugawa who taught the art of staff to Sokon Matsumura, but this was not until after Sakugawa had returned from Satsuma where he had learnt the art of Jigen Ryu Ken Jutsu from the Satsuma Samurai. Sokon Matsumura also held a Menkyo in Jigen Ryu Ken Jutsu, a martial art of the Satsuma Samurai of Japan.
The term Hakutsuru refers to the Tou-Di, an empty handed fighting art, of Sakugawa Chikuden Peichin who practised the native Okinawan art of Ti and White Crane Chaun Fa. There is no doubt that the White Crane style of Chaun Fa has influenced Okinawan Karate and Kempo from an early period.
The White Crane system contains both Hard and Soft Forms and techniques, in other words it has external and internal (Chi or Ki) aspects.
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Sakugawa Chikiden Peichin
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Kusanku of China a military envoy who lived in Okinawa between 1756-1762 taught Shaolin Kempo techniques and introduced a method of Kumite or sparring techniques known as Kumiai Jutsu to Toudi Sakugawa Chikuden Peichin (McCarthy 1995)
Toudi Sakugawa Chikiden Peichin (1733-1815) after studying for six years under Kusanku (1700-1800) when posted as a Chinese military envoy in Okinawa, later visited his teacher in China and combined the techniques from the native Okinawan art of Ti with those of Chinese Kung Fu and created Okinawan Toudi Kempo Jutsu (Ibid).
Sokon Matsumura (1797-1889) having studied under Toudi Sakugawa Chikiden Peichin for four years became the principle disciple. Sokon Matsumura was appointed body guard to the last three Ryuku Kings Sho Ko (d.1834), Sho Iku (d.1847) and Sho Tai 1841-1901.
Sokon Matsumura had the opportunity to study Chinese Temple boxing in China during the 1830’s and under the Chinese warriors Iwah and Ason who were stationed in Okinawa during the 1860’s and is credited with bringing Hakutsuru, the White crane system of Chinese boxing to Okinawa (Bishop 1999).
Sokon Matsumura also studied in the Satsuma district of Japan under Ijiun Yashichirio the headmaster of Jigen Ryu Kenjutsu the combative methods of the Satsuma Samurai of Japan and received his Menkyo certificate (McCarthy 1999). Matsumura is often credited with synthesizing the principles of Japanese Jigen Ryu Ken Jutsu, Chinese Kung Fu, and native Okinawan Ti.
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Matsumura's disciples and their legacy
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Among Sokon Matsumuras pupils were Itosu, Yasutsune and Chotoku Kiyan.
Itosu, Yasutsune (1830-1915) nicknamed Iron horse because of his ability to absorb blows without ill effects and root himself in the horse stance had studied under Sokon Matsumura from 1846-1880 (Bishop 1989). Itosu is known to have taught a large number of students, many of whom went on to establish their own styles, the most well known of Itosu's students were Gichin Funakoshi the founder of Shotokan Karate the first official karate in Japan, Kenwa Mabuni who created the Shito Ryu style of karate, Choki Motobu (1871-1944) who founded his own style of Motobu Ryu Toudi Kempo.
Shorinji Ryu or Shuri and Tomari Te
Chotoku Kiyan (1830-1915) nicknamed Mi Gwan Chan, small eyed Kiyan was the son of Chofu Kiyan who had served as steward to the last Okinawan King Sho Tai (1841-1901) who had been exiled to Tokyo (Bishop 1989). Chotoku Kiyan therefore received much of his education on the Japanese mainland and this is believed to have included some tuition in Ju Jutsu.
Chotoku Kiyan had studied Shuri Te under both Sokon Matsumura (1797-1889) and Itosu Yasutsune (1830-1915). He also studied Tomari Te under Matsumura Kosaku (1820-1898), and Oyodamari Peichin who had learnt martial arts from a Chinese man, possibly Anan who lived in Tomari village (Ibid).
Chotoku Kyan (1870-1945) is credited with synthesizing Shuri Te with Tomari Te and is the founder of what has become known as the Shorinji Ryu.
Two of Chotoku Kiyan’s top students were Zenryo Shimabukuro (1904-1969) and Shojin Nagamine (b. 1907).
Shojin Nagamine had studied under Chotoku Kiyan (1870-1945) and his disciple Taro Shimabukuro whilst in Okinawa, and later in 1936 studied under Choki Motobu (1871-1944). when stationed in Tokyo as a Japanese police officer.
Zenryo Shimabukuro (1904-1969) carried on the Shorinji Ryu tradition of his teacher Chotoku Kiyan (1830-1915) and this became the Sukunaihayahi lineage, known as Chubu Shorin Ryu, this style has been popularised under the name Seibukan.
In 1962 Zenryo Shimabukuro joined with Nakamura Shigeru (1892-1969) who had studied under Bushi Kunishi and Choyu Motobu. Zenryo Shimabukuro and Nakamura Shigeru together these men founded the Okinawan Kenpo Karate Do Association which includes Grandmasters Seikichi Odo, Fusei Kise, Seiyu Oyata and Yuichi Kuda.
In 1968 the Okinawan Kempo association merged with the Okinawan Karate and Kobudo Association, which included the recently founded Motobu Ryu Kobu-Jutsu Association headed by Seikichi Uehara, who had inherited the Motobu Udun family Ti system from Choyu Motobu (Bishop 1997).
Choki Motobu Okinawan Kempo Tode Jutsu
Choyu Motobu who had inherited the Motobu family Ti system had a younger brother called Choki Motobu (1871-1944)who moved to the Japanese mainland in 1921 and taught in Osaka and Tokyo, he went to Hawaii in 1933 where and when Kempo was popular, he later returned to teach in Japan and study martial arts in Okinawa where he remained between the beginning of world war two until his death in 1944. Choki Motobu's own style is described in his book Okinawan Kempo-Tode Jutsu.
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Kenwa Mabuni Ha Shito Ryu
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The Japanese Tradition of Motobu Ha Shito Ryu combines the teachings of Kenwa Mabuni’s Shito Ryu Kempo with those of Choki Motobu’s Okinawan Kempo Tode Jutsu.
In 1929 Kenwa Mabuni moved to Osaka in mainland Japan where he taught his system of Karate known as Shito Ryu which combines the characters from the names of his two teachers Kanryo Higashionna, the teacher of Chojun Miyagi founder of Goju Ryu, and Itosu, student of Sokon Matsumura and secretary to Sho Tai, the last of the Ryukan Kings, whose Court Te or Ti instructor was Choyu Motobu.
Kenwa Mabuni (1889-1953) who had studied White Crane Chaun Fa under a tea merchant from the Fukien province of China called Wu Xiangui, known by the Okinawan name of Gokenki (1886-1940), and Naha Te from Kanryo Higashionna, the teacher of Goju Ryu’s founder Chojun Miyagi.He had also studied Shuri Te under Itosu (1830-1915), who was at the time over seventy years old had also taught Gichin Funakoshi whose style was to become known as Shotokan, the first organised Japanese Karate system. Itosu himself had been a senior student of Sokon Matsumura
Choki Motobu arrived in Osaka in 1921 and Kenwa Mabuni in 1929 and both of them taught Kosei Kuniba, who was later to become the Japanese Motobu Ha Karate do systems second generation headmaster and established the Seishan Kan Dojo in Osaka which in 1947 grew into the Seishin Kai.
Kuniba is the Japanese rendering of the Okinawan name Kokuba, part of the Sho Shi Family, the last Royal family of Okinawa. The history of the family line can be traced back to Yoshitsune Minamoto, brother of Minamoto Yoritomo, who became Shogun in 1192.
Motobu Ha Shito Ryu
Kosei Kokuba (1901-1959) who is also known as Yukimori Kuniba studied under Choki Motobu. Kosei Kokuba's son; Kosho Kokuba (1935-1992) whose name is rendered in Japanese as Yukitaka Kuniba and who was later to become known as Shogo Kuniba became the third generation headmaster of the Motobu Ha Karate do tradition and the founder of Motobu Ha Shito Ryu.
Shogo Kuniba had studied under his father Yukimori Kuniba/Kosei Kokuba (1901-1959) and under Tomoyori Takamasa of the Kenyu Ryu system during his early teens and by the time that he was 14 years of age he had began to study under Kenwa Mabuni the founder of Shito Ryu.
Whilst Shogo Kuniba was at Keio University in Japan he had opportunity to study the Shotokan and Goju Ryu Karate styles. He later visited Okinawa and studied under various Okinawan Masters including Shojin Nagamine (b.1907) the founder of the Matsubayashi Shorin Ryu system, Kobudo under Junko Yamaguchi and Shojin Koshi and took over from Shihan Teuro Hayashi as the head of Seishin Kai in 1968 and by 1973. had also achieved high grades in Mugei Ryu Iai-do (Sword drawing). It was Shogo Kuniba who graded Albert C Church to Shihan in Motobu Ha Shito Ryu Seishan Kai.
We are very grateful to Shihan Dr James Herndon of the Seishin Kai USA Honbucho for having recently provided us with information that has enabled us to make corrections to the above section on Motobu Ha Shito Ryu concerning the Kuniba family.
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Nippon Kobudo Kamishin Ryu
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The system that Albert Church created was known as Kamishin Ryu Aiki-Ju Jutsu and Shorinji Tetsuken (Toraken) Kempo. The Kamishin Ryu lineage in America has been divided since the death of Albert C Church in 1980 with one branch calling itself Ko Kamishin Ryu to distinguish itself from the other branches which include names such as Shorinji Kempo Shina Karate Do & Kamishin Ryu Te. The style is also known as Nippon Kobudo Kamishin Ryu. Literally Japanese (Nippon) Old (Ko) Martial (Bu)way (Do) Divine (Kami) Heart/Spirit (Shin) School (Ryu).
Shorinji Tetsuken Kempo:
The system known as Shorinji Tetsuken Kempo is believed to have had its origins in the fighting traditions of Northern Shaolin and was alleged to have originally been known as Shaolin Ssu Tang So Dao Chin Chen Du Chaun Fa. This is basically a village fighting system.
The lineage of Pa Ming Chaun is usually given as:
Shaolin Ssu Tang So Dao Chin Chen Du Chaun Fa, became known as Pa Ming Chaun or 8 Rams head fist in the 1300’s. The various masters for the style are given
Yang Ho Chin (1679-1751) of Honan Province
Lee Ho Chin (1751-1814)
Lee Chi Kooh (1814-1881) Chekiang province .
Kim Chee Kooh (d.1967) Korea and Japan. Pa Ming Chaun renamed So Rim Sa Churl Kwon Do Tang Sou Dua.
1956 - 1957 Kim Chee Kooh moved to Japan style renamed Shorinji Tetsuken Kempo.
Albert C Church allegedly studied under Kim Chee Kooh whilst stationed in Korea between 1950 - 1952. Whilst back stateside between 1956 - 1957 Albert C Church taught a Ju Jutsu based on Hakko Ryu (In which he held a 3rd Dan) combined with Kim Chee Kooh's Churl Kwon Do.
Albert C Church went to Japan in May 1967 at the request of Kim Chee Kooh and inherits Churl Kwon Do on Kim chee Kooh's death. Albert Church then meets with and trains under Siyogo Kuniba, third generation headmaster of the Motobu Ha Shito Ryu Seishan Kai. He trains with him until 1969 and is awarded Shihan Ranking. He returns to the USA and teaches and popularises his system of Nippon Kamishin Ryu Kobudo and Shorinji Tetsuken Kempo.
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Kodai Ryu and British Kempo Assocation:
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In England, a Shihan of Shorinji Tetsuken Kempo, Brian Walsh, a board member of the International Okinawan Martial Arts Union and founder and president of the British Kempo Association under which members of Goshin Kempo Ju Jutsu Kai and Hakuda Ryu Kempo trained. Brian Walsh's own system is known as Kodai Ryu Bu-Jutsu and incorporates traditional Japanese Ju Jutsu, Kobu-Jutsu, and Kempo Jutsu. These arts had part of their origins in Shorinji Tetsuken Kempo and Kamishin Ryu.
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Fudoshin Kempo
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Another influence on Hakuda Ryu Kempo was via former members of the Association of Oriental Fighting Arts with whom we have had opportunity to train with and under over the years. The Association of Oriental Fighting Arts was founded in 1968 and was later reformed and renamed as the British Fudoshin Association. This organization was founded by Master Robert Lawrence,who was one of the earliest and perhaps one of the most influential figures in the development of Kempo Jutsu in the UK and Martial arts in Essex.
Master Lawrence had trained in Judo and Ju Jitsu at the Budokwai in London under Kenshiro Abbe Sensei, who was the first to bring Japanese Martial arts to our shores. Later Master Lawrence had opportunity to travel to and train in Japan and studied Judo and Ju Jitsu at the Kodokan, in Goju Kai under its founder Yamaguchi Gogen, Shotokan under Nakayama and Kyokushinkai under its founder Mas Oyama.
Yamaguchi Gogen headed Japanese Goju Ryu and had been a senior student of Chojun Miyagi the founder of Goju Ryu. He was also known as the Cat and was a Shinto Priest who had originally studied the Satsuma Samurai art of Jigen Ryu.
Mas Oyama's Kyokushinkai Karate is a Japanese Karate style that combines the essence of Shotokan and Goju Kai, the founder of Kyokushinka, Mas Oyama, had also studied Kempo in Korea and this has influenced the foundations of this style of Karate.
Master Lawrence studied the Jo, Tonfa, Nunchaku, Bo, Yawara Bo, Naginata and Katana in Okinawa.
Korean Kempo:
During the Korean War he studied a Kempo system under Sergant G Lom of the Southern Korean army.
There is little doubt that a Kempo system being taught in Korea was influential on Mas Oyama of Kyokushinkai, Bob Lawrence of Fudoshin and Albert C Church of Nippon Kobudo Kamishin Ryu.
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Go Shin Kempo Ju Jutsu Kai
Go Shin Kempo Ju Jutsu Kai as a complete system had evolved to the point that it had combined the techniques of Goju Karate Jutsu, Kempo Karate, Kempo Jutsu, Kempo Ju Jutsu and Kobudo.
In the 1990's Goshin Kempo Ju Jutsu Kai became a member of the British Kempo Association through its affiliation to Kodai Ryu Shorinji Tetsuken Ryu based Kempo Jutsu along with Kobu-Jutsu and was a member of the Kodai Ryu Sword Society.
It was during this same period that Kempo Karate Jutsu was taught as a separate art to selected students of Goshin Kempo Ju Jutsu Kai under the auspices of the British Kempo Association.
Sogo Bugei No Kai and Shin Te Do
Between 1994 and 1997 we were fortunate to have had the opportunity to gain some exposure and further insight into the Te of the Sogo Bugei No Kai (which has Bugeikan and Motobu Udun Ti influences) through the relationship of mutual co-operation and friendship that Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu and Hakuda Ryu had with Shin-te-do Dojo ran by Mick Powell.
For Mike Powell's web-site on Okinawa Te see here: http://www.freewebs.com/okinawante/index.htm
In 1997 Goshin Kempo Ju Jutsu Kai began to separate the arts that made up its system into 3 main inter related categories:
Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu:
Traditional arts based on and around weapons to which the name Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu was given. Practise involves basic principles applicable to martial arts and self defence techniques known as Goshin Jutsu to weapons practice and attempts to defend against weapons when unarmed as part of Mutou.
Nihon Goshin Ryu Ju Jutsu Kai:
Traditional but modern Japanese style Ju Jutsu known as Nihon Goshin Ryu Ju Jutsu Kai. this is the Goshin Jutsu (Self defence Art) of Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu.
Hakuda Ryu Kempo Jutsu:
Kempo Jutsu system was renamed Hakuda Ryu in order to pay tribute to its origins and the influences from Shaolin external fighting and Taoist Internal healing arts, which are incorporated into its teachings.
Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu and Hakuda Ryu were given recognition by Danny Connor and became part of his Bushindo-Kai Martial Arts Institute in Summer 1999..
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| Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu & Hakuda Ryu Kempo Jutsu
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| Sensei983@yahoo.com
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Page Updated Fri Mar 13, 2009 12:08pm EST
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