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| Hakuda Ryu Kempo Jutsu & Tuite |
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What is Hakuda Ryu
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Hakuda is an old term that was used in Japan to describe a Ju Jutsu like system that was either of Chinese origin or influenced by Chinese Martial arts and in which Atemi Jutsu plays an important role. It seems likely that the major influence of Hakuda on Japanese martial arts took place in the Tokugawa period of the 1600's in Japan (Mol 2001).
It is only in very recent times that complete systems of Chinese Martial Arts have entered Japan. Up until the early to mid Twentieth century those arts that entered Japan from China were parts of rather than whole martial arts systems. However in Japan complete martial arts systems, now known as Koryu Bu Jutsu, did exist for prior battlefield experience of the Samurai warrior and some of the techniques from Chinese martial arts systems were often absorbed and systemised in these Koryu styles. It can only be speculated whether or not this occurred with any ancient Okinawan battlefield martial arts tradition though it is certain that elements of Chinese boxing were systemised and influenced Okinawan civilian fighting traditions.
Hakutsuru and Hakuda
In Okinawa a form of what can be termed Hakuda was Hakutsuru (White Crane) which was to be combined with the Native Okinawan Fighting arts of Mutuo, Tegumi and Te or Ti in order to create Toudi Jutsu, an early form of Karate Kempo. Hakutsuru as a form of Hakuda had an important influence on early Okinawan Kempo and village Te styles.
Hakutsuru or what is called White Crane Chaun Fa (Gong Fu) has numerous different branches throughout China all of which incorporate Qi Qong and have a grappling aspect known as Chin Na, many of these techniques may also come from the San Shou (Chinese Wrestling). .
For an outline of the syllabus of Hakuda Ryu Kempo see http://maxpages.com/hakudaryu/Hakuda_Ryu_Kempo_Syllabus
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Characteristics of Hakuda Ryu Kempo Jutsu
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Kyusho
Striking techniques applied to Vulnerable points of the human anatomy.Training for Kyusho Jutsu involves the practice of Kihon (Basic Combinations) and their (Bunkai) Application.
Tuite:
Means taking hands (Jp. Tori-Te) this an Okinawan art of trapping and grappling. Training for Tuite involves exercises such as Mou Sou (Pull hand), Kakie and Muchimi, These exercises are similiar to those seen in many of the Southern Chinese Kempo's and looks like a strange version of the Chi Sao (Sticky Hands) of Wing Chin and Tiger Crane (Hung Gar) Chaun Fa.
Kihon & Bunkai;
Kihon or combination techniques are taught and Bunkai is studied and then tested in more advanced versions of Mou Sou, Kakie, Muchimi & Kumite.
Kata & Bunkai:
Central to Hakuda Ryu are the Ko Kami No Kata's, the term means Old Divine Forms.
In Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu all three versions of the Ko Kami No Kata are learnt.
Hakuda Ryu Practises the Kihon (Basic Exercises) and Bunkai (Application)of the following weapons:
Nunchaku: Rice Flails.
Tonfa: Rice Mill Handle.
Yawara Te: Short stick held in hand.
Kubotan: Modern version of Yawara Te
Te Bo: 2ft Stick
Bo: 5ft or 6ft (Roku Shaku Bo) Staff
Plum Blossom Sticks: 2 sticks used in pairs each about 3ft in length
Weapons in Hakuda Ryu like those in Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu are practised in order to improve the empty handed aspects of our art and may be regarded also as equipment training (Hojo Undo).
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Katas of Hakuda Ryu Kempo Jutsu
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The Katas of Hakuda Ryu Kempo Jutsu at the present time are:
1. Sanchin
2. Seisan
3.Naihanchi: Motobu, Hakuda
4. Takemura Naihanchi
5. Ryufa Sho
6. Ryufa/Rufua (Takemura Passai)
7. Passai Dai
8. Chinto
9. Nidanpabu Sho
10. Sanpabu Sho
11. Kusanku
12. Takemura Kusanku
13. Hakutsuru: 2 Crane Chi Kung Sets these are: 1. Uniting with the six directions. 2. Communicating with Man, Heaven and Earth.
14. Ko Kami No Kata Shodan (Paired Kata)
15. Ko Kami No Kata Nidan (Paired Kata)
16. Ko Kami No Kata Sandan (Paired Kata).
1. Sanchin (Three Battles) Kata is practised and there are a number of variations of this Kata.
The first Kata taught is a Shoreio Ryu Kata known as Sanchin. This is taught showing some of the variations which are seen in the different versions found in other schools.
2. The name Seisan means 13 hands, prior to 1903 this Kata was taught in the Shuri and the Naha villages of Okinawa. The Kata is generally regarded as the oldest of the Shorei Ryu or Naha Te Kata. There are some differences between the various versions taught with the Shorei styles of Goju and Uechi Ryu making use of Sanchin stance and the Matsumura Shorin Ryu version not using this stance at all. The Uechi Ryu version is probably the most unique and differs substantially from the Goju and shorin versions. In Shotokan the Kata is known as Hangetsu or Half/Crescent (Han) Moon (Getsu) mainly because of the stance and stepping movements used which are similar to Sanchin kata stance and steps. The first version of Seisan taught is based on the Shinseido Shorin Ryu version and does not emphasise the Sanchin posture or stepping at all.
3. Naihanchi Kata, also known as Naifanchi and Tekki. This Kata was believed to have been a favourite of Choku Motobu and features in the two books written by him. The kata is believed by some to have original come from Soken Matsumura, but generally the originator of the Kata is in fact unknown, though it is clear that it was practised in the Shuri and Tomari districts. The Naihanchi Kata was until 1907 when Ankoh Itosu created the Pinan Kata's, the first Kata that a Karateka would be taught.
4. Takemura Naihanchi, this is a variation of the Kata Naihanchi Shodan, whilst the basic movements of the Kata are the same there is a difference in the way of moving and some slight alteration of technique. This Kata is believed to have been taught by Bushi Takemura (a Kohai of Soken Matsumura) to Soko Kishomoto and onto Seitoku Higa (Bugeikan) and Shukumine, the creator of Gensei Ryu and Taido and a form of it is still practised in Gensei Ryu today. The Bugeikan is believed to have preserved the Kata in its original form.
5. Ryufa Sho: This kata has been made up from a kihon set in Hakuda Ryu Kempo and serves to emphasise Hikite from Naihanchi and the stepping and striking dynamics of Ryufa.
6. Ryufa (Takemura Passai), also sometimes spelt as Rufua. This Kata has been in various derivatives known by other names, it is believed to be a version of Takemura Passai. A version of Ryufa is taught in Gensei Ryu where it is known as Shukumine No Passai. The spelling Ryufa is commonly used in the Ken Shin Kan Goju of Seiichi Akamine, who had studied under Seitoku Higa and had been a friend of Seiken Shukumine. The Kata is known as Rufua at the Bugeikan. The origins of the Kata are believed to be from Bushi Takemura to Soko Kishomoto to Seitoku Higa and Seiken Shukumine and then to Seiichi Akamine.
7. Passai Dai, like Naihanchi, the origin of this Kata is unknown and it was popular in the regions of Tomari and Shuri, again many believe that this Kata originally came from Sokon Matsumura. The name means to breach or penetrate a fortress, it is sometimes called the night kata, because of its constant reaching out and searching with the hands and feet. The Kata is said to be a fighting Kata one which emphasises anti grappling (tuite) moves included within it.
8. Chinto: This Kata is often known as Fighting to the east, is said to have come from a Chinese sailor who was shipwrecked on Okinawa and taught it to Bushi Matsumura, who used a forward and back embusen. There are two other versions of this Kata which differ in theor embusen. These versions of Chinto are by Kosaku Matsamora of Tomari version which uses a side to side embusun and the version practised by Chotoku Kiyan which has a diagonal embusen. This kata contains dynamic movements and kicking techniques and a nidan mae tobo geri (Jumping double front kick). This kata has a Japanese version which is practised in Shotokan and which is known as Gankaku.
9. Nidanpabu Sho: This Kata is believed to have been made up in the 1920's in order to teach Ti footwork that came from Soko Kishomoto, Seitoku Higa's teacher, the Kata contains elements that appear to come from Naihanchi and Kusanku. There is a video of Nidanpabu Sho on the video page attached to this site under Bugeikan Kata. There also a Nidanpabu Dai Kata, which we currently do not practice.
10. Sanpabu Sho: This Kata like Nidanpabu is believed to have been made up in the 1920's and is a real Ti Kata, with simultaneous striking and kicking, moving on teh balls of the toes and sweeping turning movements. There is also a Sanpabu Dai Kata, which we do not practice at the current time, but hope to introduced later on.
11. Kusanku: It is believed that this Kata was taught by a Chinese Chaun Fa exponent to Bushi Matsumura, although some sources suggest that it was in fact Sakugawa, Matsumura's teacher who had learnt it, whatever the truth there seems to be a number of versions of this kata.
12. Takemura Kusanku: This version of Kusanku has been passed down to Bushi Matsumura's Kohai, Bushi Takemura who is believed to have taught this kata to Soko Kishomoto.
13. Hakutsuru, or what is called White Crane Chaun Fa (Gong Fu) has numerous different branches throughout China all of which incorporate Qi Qong and have a grappling aspect known as Chin Na, many of these techniques may also come from the San Shou (Chinese Wrestling). In Okinawa a form of what can be termed Hakuda was Hakutsuru (White Crane) which was to be combined with the Native Okinawan Fighting arts of Mutuo, Tegumi and Te or Ti in order to create Toudi Jutsu, an early form of Karate Kempo. Hakutsuru as a form of Hakuda had an important influence on early Okinawan Kempo and village Te styles.
We practise two Crane Chi Gong sets known most commonly as first and second sets (1 & 2):
1: Uniting with the Six directions
2: Communication with Heaven, Man and Earth.
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Two Man Kata: Ko Kami No Kata
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There is also 3 Kata's which are done in pairs known as the Ko Kami No Kata, the name of the Kata translates as old (Ko), Divine (Kami) Forms. This Kata preserve old Karate striking and grappling techniques and their applications. The Ko Kami No Kata has three versions these are: Shodan, Nidan and Sandan, all are learnt as Bunkai.
The Shodan version of this Kata contains techniques that involve
Striking (Kyusho/Atemi Waza),
Locking( Kansetsu Waza),
Tripping, Sweeping and kicking (Kyusho/Ashi Waza),
Pinning (Osea Waza),
Throwing (Nage Waza)
Choking (Shime Waza)
The Nidan version which has similiar but more advanced characteristics to Ko Kami No Kata Shodan & provides focus on:
Kamae (Posture),
Tai Sabaki (Body Motion)
Kuzushi (Unbalancing an Opponent)
The Sandan version incorporates different ways of doing techniques taken from the previous Kata and introduces some new techniques. The newly introduced techniques in the Ko Kami No Kata Sandan are techniques common to Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu Mutou.
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Terminology Chinese and Okinawan Martials Arts
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The grappling aspect of Hakutsuru or White Crane is Chin Na
The grappling aspect of Wu Shu is known as San Shou
The grappling aspect of Okinawan Kempo is Tuite or Tori Te.
Okinawan Sumo, has its origins in Tegumi, this is an early grappling art of the Naha region.
In the regions of Shuri and Tomari there was an early grappling form known as Mutou.
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Te, Tegumi, Tuite and Mutou
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Te as Tegumi
In Okinawa the grappling arts of Naha known as Tegumi (Hand Grappling) were influenced by the 36 Noble Families of Chinese Descent and this led to the combining of Tegumi with Chinese Internal Martial Arts (Bau Gua, Hsing I, Tai Chi Chaun) thus creating what became known as Naha Te (The hand of Naha) that became the basis of Goju and Uechi Ryu Karate.
Te as Muto
In another part of Okinawa at the site of the Royal Palace in Shuri another grappling art similiar to Tegumi known as Mutou (No sword) was practised. Mutou was influenced by both the Chinese External Martial Arts and some Japanese Martial Arts as studied by the Satsuma Samurai. The main figure that passed these arts down to us this day is Sokon Matsumura. Shuri Te therefore became known as Shorin (Shaolin) Ryu and gave birth to many of the Karate styles that came into the 20th Century.
Tuite & Kyusho Jutsu as Chin Na
Whilst Kempo Jutsu is the Japanese name for the Art or way of the fist, or Chinese Chaun Fa,the term Tuite refers to hand grappling techniques. The use of the term Te suggests an indigenious influence of Okinawa Te that could be found in the Shuri, Tomari or Naha regions of Okinawa. In most Southern Chinese Martial Arts Systems there is a grappling component that is known as Chin Na, this involves locking and seizing as well as striking vulnerable points in the human anatomy. Tuite is simply the Okinawan version of Chin Na. Tuite refers to the grappling aspect and Kyusho Jutsu refers to the striking of pressure points.
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Please be aware that Hakuda Ryu Kempo Jutsu is in no way associated with the Hakuda Ryu Ju Jitsu Association based in Ashford Kent, which is a completely separate organisation. Nor are we associated with Hakuda Toshu Kempo Jutsu which is based in Manchester.
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| Nihon Go Shin Kage Ryu & Hakuda Ryu Kempo Jutsu
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| Essex |
| United Kingdom
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| Sensei983@yahoo.com
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Page Updated Sun Apr 12, 2009 7:27pm EDT
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