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Section One
Section Two
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The Sama Veda contains the melodies or music for the chants used from the Rig Veda for the
sacrifices; almost all of its written verses are traceable to the Rig Veda, mostly the eighth and ninth
books and most to Indra, Agni, or Soma. These are considered the origin of Indian music and
probably stimulated great artistry to make the sacrifices worthwhile to their patrons who
supported the priests. The Sama Veda helped to train the musicians and functioned as a hymnal
for the religious rites.
The animal sacrifices did not use the Sama chants, but they were used extensively in agricultural
rites and in the soma rituals for which the plant with inebriating and hallucinogenic qualities was
imported from the mountains to the heartland of India. By this time the priests were specializing in
different parts of the sacrifices as professional musicians and singers increased. The singing was
like the strophe, antistrophe, and epode of the Greek chorus and used the seven tones of the
European scale. By the tenth century BC the Aryans had invaded most of northern India and once
again trade resumed with Babylon and others in the near east. As the sacrifices became more
complex, the priestly class used them to enhance their role in the society. Many considered this
musical portion the most important of the Vedas.
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