MONITORING THE SPACE SHUTTLE & MIR
The Space Shuttle and MIR
Space shuttle communications have been relayed on shortwave from a number of amateur radio clubs at NASA bases. These are in single sideband (SSB), and the frequencies to look for are 3862, 7185, 14295, 21395, and 28650 kHz from WA3NAN at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland; 3840, 14280, 21350, and 28495 kHz from the Johnson Space Center in Texas; and 3840 and 21280 kHz from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.
Here are some reported frequencies connected with the shuttlemissions:
Shortwave (SSB):
Western Test Range.............................. 5700, 13218
Eastern Test Range.............................. 5190
NASA Tracking Ships.............................5180, 5187
Launch Support Ships............................11104, 19303
NASA Kennedy Operations.....................7675
USAF Cape Radio................................. 6837,6896,11414,11548,19640,23413
Shuttle)Mission Control.........................11201
NASA Ascension Island tracking............20186
NASA CB Radios..................................27065
Military aircraft emergency frequency....243.0 MHz
Primary shuttle communications.............259.7
Shuttle space suits............................. 279.0
Primary UHF downlink...........................296.0
Air-to-ground or orbiter-to-suit................296.8
S-Band (Wideband FM) via TDRS satellites:
NASA downlink....................in Mhz......2217.5,2250.0,2287.5
Primary digital downlink........................2287.5
North American satellite TV monitors can watch live video from the shuttle missions via NASA Select on Satcom 2R transponder 13. A voice TV schedule update can be heard by calling American telephone number 1-202-755-1788. Missions with German astronauts may be relayed on one of the Kopernikus satellites to Europe. Space launches may also be carried on Intelsat 504 at 31.4 degrees West, on 11.133 GHz.
Amateur Radio on the Shuttle
There have been many amateur radio operations from the shuttles, known as SAREX (Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment). The first was Dr. Owen Garriott, W5LFL, from "Columbia" in 1985. He was heard by tens of thousands of listeners and made two way contact with some 350 stations using FM with a downlink on 145.55 MHz.
With the resumption of shuttle missions after the "Challenger" crash, amateur radio operations have resumed as well, with both FM voice and packet radio. Unfortunately most shuttle flights maintain an orbital inclination of 28 degrees, which restricts radio contacts to stations within around 30 degrees of the Equator. Occasional missions use a greater inclination, up to 57 degrees, which make it possible for many more people to listen to and contact the shuttle.
STS-37, on "Atlantis" in April, 1991, was particularly noteworthy, as all five crew members were licensed radio amateurs. There were hundreds of contacts with amateur radio operators on Earth. While a problem curtailed packet radio and slowscan television operation, the first television picture ever received on board a spacecraft was carried out using fast scan television. The Atlantis crew was also able to hear the Soviet cosmonauts on MIR, but were unable to complete two-way communications.
The entire crew of STS-45, in March, 1992, were also radio amateurs. At least nine of the current astronauts have amateur radio licenses, which means that virtually every launch will have an amateur onboard. The usual downlink frequency is 145.55 MHz.
MIR
The former Soviet MIR space station can easily be heard with its powerful FM signals on 143.625 MHz, but this channel is now only being used over Europe, when the station is in range of the ground station in the Crimea. Funding cuts dictated that the communications ships off Sable Island, Madeira, etc., which were relaying MIR by shortwave, are no longer operational.
Voice communications have also been reported on 143.42 and 142.42 MHz, as well as a beacon on 121.75 MHz. Data communications from MIR have been heard on 166.130 (or possibly 165.875) MHz. Other frequencies reported from the former Soviet space program are:
Soyuz T-11 space vehicle telemetry.... 20008 kHz
Soyuz T-11 voice communications.......142.423 MHz
Soyuz TM-3 and TM-4...................121.750
Progress 7 supply ship................166.000
When out of range of the CIS ground stations, MIR communications are now often relayed through the "Luch" or "Altair" transponder systems of CIS geostationary satellites. The Soviet satellite tracking network is called SDRN, the Satellite Data Relay Network. Downlinks are on 10.8, 11.3, and 13.7 GHz. The relay most used over Europe is via the satellite at 16 degrees West listed as ZSSRT-2 (an abbreviation of the Russian words "Zemlya S Sputnik Radio Translator", meaning "Western geostationary satellite transponder"). There is also an eastern relay at 167 degrees East.
The SECAM color signals from MIR are listed at 10.835 GHz, but are actually carried at 10.829 GHz (unfortunately just below the range of most satellite TVRO receivers). Monitors can look for the satellite by tuning in to the strong data signals on 11.375 GHz, which can often be seen as flashing lines on the screen. Voice signals from MIR can be heard near the TV frequency, on a 300 kHz SSB subcarrier, but only when no TV signals are being relayed.
MIR video has also been reported on the Ghorizont at 11 degrees West, on 11.525 GHz.
The Molniya satellites are also used for relaying manned space voice communications.
Amateur Radio on MIR
Several MIR cosmonauts have been radio amateurs. In 1988 amateur radio stations U1MIR, U2MIR, and U3MIR operated on 145.550 and 145.400 MHz FM. Musa, U2MIR, was on the air frequently in 1990 and 1991.
Britain's first astronaut, Helen Sharman, spent 8 days on MIR in May, 1991. She operated the amateur radio station there, under the callsign GB1MIR. Contacts on 145.55 MHz continued in 1992, and are expected to continue in 1993, in both FM as U6MIR and packet radio with the callsign U6MIR-1. MIR reception reports can be sent, along with a self-addressed envelope and USD 1 to 5 to:
Shuttle Audio Frequencies
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The frequencies below may carry shuttle audio during space shuttle missions. Most are in the amateur bands, but a few originate from NASA centers. Please check and verify those in your area. Forward any new frequencies, corrections, and verifications to WD4IXI. Include the latest date of activity and any call signs.
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Canada
Prov City Freq (MHz) Updated Call Notes
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BC Vancouver 442.350 12/07/98 VE7RUK
ON Waterloo 146.865 11/20/96 VE3RCK
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United States
State City Freq (MHz) Updated Call Notes
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AL Birmingham 443.750 01/01/97 KB4KCH
AL Bessemer 53.150 01/01/97 N4AHN
AL Bluff Ridge 145.150 01/01/97 N4AHN
AL Ensley 145.190 01/01/97 N4IQT
AL Huntsville 147.100 04/25/98 KS4LU Source/Sponsor N4AZY
CA Los Angeles 448.500 12/04/96 WA6VLD Mt. Wilson
CA Los Angeles 1241.250 11/30/95 K6KMN Mt. Wilson
CA Los Gatos 440.050 01/15/97 KB5JR
CA Mountanview 154.585 11/18/97 NASA AMES
CA Pasadena 147.150 01/15/97 W6VIO
CA Pasadena 224.080 01/15/97 W6VIO Occasional
CA Redondo Beach 145.320 12/05/98 W6TRW PL 114.8 - TRW radio club
CA Sacramento 147.405 03/31/98 N6ICW
CA Sacramento 427.250 01/16/97 W6CX/ATV video, ch 58, Mt. Diablo
CA San Diego 146.640 02/14/97 WB6WLV Mount Otay
CA San Francisco 443.300 01/16/97 KB5JR Mt. Loma Prieta
CA Santa Rosa 145.585 04/18/97 W6SRJ
CA Sunnyvale 145.585 01/15/97 K6MF
CA Ventura 146.655 01/20/97 N6QOL
CO Aspen 449.600 03/18/96 N0NHJ
CO Boulder 145.460 11/20/96 WA1JHK
CO Colorado Springs 145.160 11/20/96 WA1JHK
CO Denver 147.225 11/20/96 WA1JHK
CO Denver 224.980 11/20/96 WA1JHK
CO Glenwood Springs 447.100 03/18/96 KB0SMW
CO Grand Jct 449.300 03/18/96 WA4HND
CO Vail 449.900 03/18/96 W0KEA
CT Bridgeport 441.500 02/15/97 N1LXV
CT Bristol 442.850 02/15/97 K1DFS
CT Milford 433.100 02/21/97 K1PXE Simplex
CT Monroe 463.100 02/18/97
FL Clearwater 442.075 09/03/97 K4LK
FL Cocoa 421.750 03/28/96 K4ATV video & audio ch 57
FL Dunedin 145.230 08/06/97 K4LK
FL Fort Lauderdale 145.210 05/20/96 KA4ZAY
FL Fort Lauderdale 145.750 01/21/97 KE4TP
FL Fort Lauderdale 442.650 05/20/96 KA4ZAY
FL Holiday 427.250 08/06/97 K4LK video & audio ch 58
FL Jacksonville 144.360 04/21/98 W4YJC Simplex - PL 179.9
FL Largo 51.840 01/08/97 K4LK
FL Macclenny 144.330 04/21/98 W4YJC Simplex - PL 173.8
FL Merritt Island 146.940 11/30/96 K4GCC Next to Kennedy Space Center
FL Miami 146.850 08/27/98 AA4EE
FL Palm Bay 145.170 01/13/97 KF4APQ Only during launch/landing
FL Port Richey 443.950 01/08/97 K4LK
FL St. Petersburg 147.285 01/08/97 K4LK
FL St. Petersburg 444.700 08/06/97 K4LK
FL Sarasota 442.550 01/08/97 K4LK
FL Tallahassee 146.910 04/22/98 K4TLH Tallahassee Amateur Radio Society
FL West Palm Beach 147.360 10/30/98 WB4FPB/R Palm Beach Repeater Assn
IL Champaign-Urbana 146.880 11/30/93 KA9SZX
IL Champaign-Urbana 426.250 11/30/93 KA9SZX video
IL Lisle 224.360 11/20/96 AF9M Link from Schaumburg
IL Moline 146.550 06/19/96 KB9BNR Grid EN41
IL Schaumburg 446.575 04/01/97 K9MOT Motorola ARC
IL Schaumburg 910.250 02/26/97 K9MOT AM video only
IN Warsaw 446.050 01/20/97 N9NJK
MD Greenbelt 3.860 05/19/97 WA3NAN Only when crew awake
MD Greenbelt 7.185 05/19/97 WA3NAN Only when crew awake
MD Greenbelt 14.295 05/19/97 WA3NAN Only when crew awake
MD Greenbelt 21.395 05/19/97 WA3NAN Only when crew awake
MD Greenbelt 147.450 05/19/97 WA3NAN Only when crew awake
MN Mpls/St. Paul 145.150 11/26/96 WB0GDB
MN Waseca 147.450 02/12/97 K0QX
MS Bay St. Louis 146.700 03/26/96 WB4FUR
ND Fargo 446.600 11/20/96 KEOVN Simplex
NJ Lincroft 439.250 11/19/96 N2SMT Video & Audio
NJ Patterson 146.610 12/03/97 W2FCL
NM Artesia 146.820 12/29/96 KU5J Occasional
NM Artesia 442.000 12/29/96 KU5J
NV Las Vegas 449.500 02/12/97 N7TND
NV Las Vegas 1241.000 02/12/97 KB7BY Video & Audio
NY Albany 920.800 11/30/95 KD3NC
NY Long Island 145.430 12/03/97 N2QPD
NY Troy 447.225 11/30/95 KD3NC
OK Tulsa 146.805 02/11/97
OH Akron 147.330 02/12/97 WB8CXO
OH Cleveland 145.670 12/01/95 NASA Lewis ARC
PA Harrisburg 147.375 10/25/96 WA3KXG
PA Pittsburgh 145.620 02/15/97 WA3PBD
PA Pittsburgh 421.250 02/22/96 WA3PBD Video & audio
SC Charleston 147.345 03/24/97 KD4TXX Early evening to midnight
SC Lyman 144.340 05/15/97 KF4DET
TN Pigeon Forge 146.450 11/07/98 N4YEK Simplex PL-67hz
TX College Station 147.540 01/14/97 W5AC
TX Dallas 445.000 01/14/97 WB5EPI
TX Houston 146.640 11/22/96 W5RRR
TX Houston 171.150 05/29/96 NASA/JSC
TX Temple 145.310 07/16/97 N5ZXJ
TX Waco 910.250 03/18/96 W5TAH Video and audio
UT Brigham City 145.290 05/17/96 KE7FO Thiokol ARC
UT Ogden 449.775 05/17/96 N7TOP
UT Orem 448.025 01/13/97 N7HMF
UT Payson 147.400 01/13/97 NV7V
VA Chesapeake 144.340 10/13/98 KO4FR/WA1TSS
VA Chesapeake 427.250 10/13/98 KO4FR/WA1TSS Video
VA Chesapeake 431.750 10/13/98 KO4FR/WA1TSS
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