The colonies were built over hundreds of years by leading scientists from earth. They are large metal structures that are placed in the earth's orbit at areas of relative stability, places known as Lagrange points after the scientist who discovered them.
By building the colonies, mankind ensured it's survival. Earth was becoming overpopulated so many people were sent to live in the colonies.
The colonies are based on Earth, but are different in some respects eg the weather inside the colonies is controlled so the inhabitants run no risk of natural disasters. Also, it is quite common for some vehicles to travel along the roof, upside down!
Many generations have lived in the colonies, so some people have never seen the Earth. Others feel bitter because they know that how matter how good the colonies are, they are just a copy of Earth.
When the colony leader, Heero Yuy, ruled, he promoted pacifism and people traveling from one colony to another. When he was assassinated in AC 175, the United Earth Sphere alliance took over and isolated the colonies- for fear that if the people got together thay would plot to overturn the Alliance.
Little did the Alliance know that someone much closer to home had already set their plans for domination into action...
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