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*{+SUBSTITUTIONS+}*

This is a list of specific substitutions for several common and unusual herbs. Here are some guidelines: Rosemary can be safely used for any other herb. Rose for any flower. Frankincense or copal for any gum resin. Tobacco for any poisonous herb. Here are the substitutions.




Acacia
Acacia, Gum
Aconite
Arabic, Gum
Amoniac, Gum
Asafoetida

Balm of Gilead
Bdellium, Gum
Belladonna
Benzoin
Cachana
Camphor Oil

Carnation
Cassia
Castor Bean
Cedar
Cinquefoil
Citron

Clove
Clover
Copal
Cowbane
Cypress
Deerstongue

Dittany of Crete
Dragon's Blood
Eucalyptus
Euphorbium
Frankincense
Galangal

Grains of Paradise
Gum Ammoniac
Gum Bdellium
Hellebore
Hemlock
Hemp

Henbane
Hyssop
Ivy
Jasmine
Juniper
Lavender

Lemongrass
Lemon Peel
Lemon Verbena
Mace
Mandrake
Mastic, Gum

Mint
Mistletoe
Mugwort
Neroli Oil
Nightshade
Nutmeg

Oakmoss
Orange
Orange Flowers
Patchouly
Peppermint
Pepperwort

Pine
Pine Resin
Red Sandalwood
Rose
Rose Geranium
Rue

Saffron
Sandalwood
Sarsaparilla
Sassafras
Spearmint
Sulfur

Thyme
Tobacco
Tonka Bean
Trefoil
Valerian
Vanilla

Vetivert
Wolfsbane
Wood Aloe
Woodruff
Wormwood
Yarrow

Yew







Acacia--Gum Arabic
Acacia, Gum--Gum Arabic
Aconite--Tobacco
Arabic, Gum--Frankincense, Gum Mastic, Gum Tragacanth (for building wet ingredients, not for incense) Ammoniac, Gum--Asafoetida
Asafoetida--Tobacco, Valerian
Balm of Gilead--Rose buds, Gum Mastic
Bdellium, Gum--Copal, Pine resin, Dragon's Blood
Belladonna--Tobacco
Benzoin--Gum Arabic, Gum Mastic




Cachana--Angelica root
Camphor Oil--Eucalyptus oil, Lavender oil
Carnation--Rose petals anointed with a few drops Clove oil
Cassia--Cinnamon
Castor Bean--A few drops Castor oil
Cedar--Sandalwood
Cinquefoil--Clover, Trefoil
Citron--Equal parts Orange peel and Lemon peel
Clove--Mace, Nutmeg
Clover--Cinquefoil
Copal--Frankincense, Cedar
Cowbane--Tobacco
Cypress--Juniper, Pine needles




Deerstongue--Tonka bean (not for internal use), Woodruff, Vanilla
Dittany of Crete--Gum Mastic
Dragon's Blood--Equal parts Frankincense and Red Sandalwood
Eucalyptus Oil--Camphor oil, Lavender oil
Euphorbium--Tobacco
Frankincense--Copal, Pine resin
Galangal--Ginger root
Grains of Paradise--Black Pepper
Gum Ammoniac--Asafoetida
Gum Bdellium--Copal, Pine resin, Dragon's Blood
Hellebore--Tobacco, Nettle
Hemlock--Tobacco
Hemp--Nutmeg, Damiana, Star Anise, Bay
Henbane--Tobacco
Hyssop--Lavender
Ivy--Cinquefoil
Jasmine--Rose
Juniper--Pine
Lavender--Rose
Lemongrass--Lemon peel
Lemon Peel--Lemongrass
Lemon Verbena--Lemongrass, Lemon peel




Mace--Nutmeg
Mandrake--Tobacco
Mastic, Gum--Gum Arabic, Frankincense
Mint(any type)--Sage
Mistletoe--Mint, Sage
Mugwort--Wormwood
Neroli oil--Orange oil
Nightshade--Tobacco
Nutmeg--Mace, Cinnamon
Oakmoss--Patchouly
Orange--Tangerine peel
Orange flowers--Orange peel
Patchouly--Oakmoss
Peppermint--Spearmint
Pepperwort--Rue, Grains of Paradise, Black Pepper
Pine--Juniper
Pine Resin--Frankincense, Copal



Red Sandalwood--Sandalwood mixed with a pinch of Dragon's Blood
Rose--Yarrow
Rose Geranium--Rose
Rue--Rosemary mixed with a pinch of Black Pepper
Saffron--Orange peel
Sandalwood--Cedar
Sarsaparilla--Sassafras
Sassafras--Sarsaparilla
Spearmint--Peppermint
Sulfur--Tobacco, Club Moss, Asafoetida
Thyme--Rosemary
Tobacco--Bay
Tonka Bean--Deerstongue, Woodruff, Vanilla bean
Trefoil--Cinquefoil
Valerian--Asafoetida
Vanilla--Woodruff, Deerstongue, Tonka bean
Vetivert--Calamus
Wolfsbane--Tobacco
Wood Aloe--Sandalwood sprinkled with Ambergris oil
Woodruff--Deerstongue, Vanilla
Wormwood--Mugwort
Yarrow--Rose
Yew--Tobacco


*{+ELEMENTAL+SUBSTITUTIONS+}*

Elemental Substitutions



Before listing the herbs associated with each element, let's take a brief look at them.

The four elements (Earth, Air, Fire, and Water) are the basic components of the universe. All that exists-or that has the potential to exist-is composed of one or more of these energies.

The most immediately recognizable manifestations of the elements are natural. A handful of dirt for Earth, a cloud moving in a breeze for Air, flame for Fire and a lake for Water. But the elements are much more than physical objects-they are the energies behind all things, manifest or unmanifest.

Many plants correspond to the elements. In turn, each element is associated with specific magical goals, as listed below. In burning an Air incense or anointing with a Fire oil we directly draw upon the element's energies to achieve her or his goal.

For the most potent effects, attune with the element before using one of its herbal products. Feel the heat of a fire when burning a Fire incense. Sense the purifying, moving energies of a stream when bathing in a Water bath. Imagine the rush of wind while anointing yourself with an Air oil. Smell the rich moistness of the Earth when using one of Her mixtures.

Elemental Magick is one of the easiest forms to master, for it's all around us.

Key to the tables:

H=Herb, gum, flower, bark, root, leaf, fruit, seed
O=Essential oil, absolute
B=Bouquet
S=Synthetic

Use these lists when compounding elemental mixtures, for creating your own recipes, or when substituting.


Earth

Recipes to promote peace, fertility, money, business success, stability, growth (as in gardens), employment and so on.



Bistort-H
Cypress-H,O
Fern-H
Honeysuckle-H
Horehound-H
Magnolia-H,B
Mugwort-H
Narcissus-H
Oakmoss-H,B
Patchouly-H,O
Primrose-H
Rhubarb-H
Vervain-H
Vetivert-H,O



Air

Recipes to promote communication, travel, intellect, eloquence, divination, freedom and wisdom.



Acacia-H
Arabic, Gum-H
Almond-H
Anise-H
Benzoin-H,O
Bergamot Mint-H,B
Citron-H
Lavender-H,O
Lemongrass-H,O
Lemon Verbena-H,O
Mace-H,O
Marjoram-H
Mastic, Gum-H
Parsley-H
Peppermint-H,O
Sage-H
Star Anise-H



Fire
Recipes to promote communication, defensive magic, physical strength, magical power, courage, will power, purification.



Allspice-H
Angelica-H
Asafoetida-H
Basil-H,O
Bay-H,O
Carnation-H
Cedarwood-H,O
Cinnamon-H,O
Clove-H,O
Copal-H
Coriander-H,O
Deerstongue-H
Dill-H
Dragon's Blood-H
Fennel-H
Frankincense-H,O
Galangal-H,O
Garlic-H
Grains of Paradise-H
Heliotrope-H
Juniper-H,O
Lime-H,O
Marigold-H
Nutmeg-H,O
Orange-H,O
Peppermint-H,O
Rosemary-H,O
Rose Geranium-H,O
Sassafras-H
Tangerine-H,O
Tobacco-H
Woodruff-H



Water
Recipes to promote love, healing, peace, compassion, reconciliation, purification, friendship, de-stressing, sleep, dreams and psychism.



Apple Blossom-H
Balm, Lemon-H,O
Calamus-H
Chamomile-H,O
Camphor-H,O
Cardamom-H,O
Catnip-H
Cherry-H
Coconut-H
Comfrey-H
Elder-H
Eucalyptus-H,O
Gardenia-H
Heather-H
Hyacinth-H
Iris-H
Jasmine-H,O
Lemon-H,O
Licorice-H
Lilac-H
Lily-H
Lotus-B
Myrrh-H,O
Orchid-H
Orris-H
Passion Flower-H
Peach-H
Plumeria-H
Rose-H,O
Sandalwood-H,O
Spearmint-H,O
Stephanotis-H
Sweet Pea-B
Tansy-H
Thyme-H
Tonka-H,B
Vanilla-H
Violet-H
Ylang-Ylang-O


*{+ASTROLOGICAL+SUBSTITUTIONS+}*


Key to the tables: gum, flower, bark, root, leaf, fruit, seed
O=Essential oil, absolute
B=Bouquet
S=Synthetic

Use these lists for creating your own blends or for substituting. If none of these herbs are available when you need to substitute, look to the sign's ruling planet for further suggestions.




Aries (ruled by Mars)


Allspice-H
Carnation-H
Cedarwood-H,O
Cinnamon-H,O
Clove-H,O
Copal-H Cumin-H
Deerstongue-H
Dragon's Blood-H
Fennel-H
Frankincense-H,O Galangal-H
Juniper-H,O
Musk-S
Peppermint-H,O
Pine-H,O






Taurus (ruled by Venus)


Apple Blossom-H
Cardamom-H,O
Daisy-H
Honeysuckle-H
Lilac-H Magnolia-H,B
Oakmoss-H,B
Orchid-H
Patchouly-H,O
Plumeria-H Rose-H,O
Thyme-H
Tonka-H,B
Vanilla-H
Violet-H






Gemini (ruled by Mercury)


Almond-H
Anise-H
Bergamot Mint-H,B
Citron-H
Clover-H Dill-H
Horehound-H
Lavender-H,O
Lemongrass-H,O
Lily-H Mace-H,O
Mastic, Gum-H
Parsley-H
Peppermint-H,O






Cancer (Moonchildren; ruled by the Moon)


Ambergris-S,B
Calamus-H
Eucalyptus-H,O
Gardenia-H,B
Jasmine-H,O Lemon-H,O
Lemon Balm-H,O
Lilac-H
Lotus-B Myrrh-H,O
Rose-H,O
Sandalwood-H,O
Violet-H






Leo (ruled by the Sun)


Acacia-H
Benzoin-H,O
Cinnamon-H,O
Copal-H Frankincense-H,O
Heliotrope-H
Juniper-H,O
Musk-S Nutmeg-H,O
Orange-H,O
Rosemary-H,O
Sandalwood-H,O






Virgo (ruled by Mercury)


Almond-H
Bergamot Mint-H,B
Cypress-H,O
Dill-H Fennel-H
Honeysuckle-H
Lavender-H,O
Lily-H,O Mace-H,O
Moss-H
Patchouly-H,O
Peppermint-H,O






Libra (ruled by Venus)


Apple Blossom-H
Catnip-H
Lilac-H
Magnolia-H,B
Marjoram-H
Mugwort-H
Orchid-H
Plumeria-H
Rose-H,O
Spearmint-H,O Sweet Pea-B
Thyme-H
Vanilla-H
Violet-H






Scorpio (ruled by Mars, Pluto)


Allspice-H
Ambergris-S,B
Basil-H,O
Clove-H,O
Cumin-H Deerstongue-H
Galangal-H
Gardenia-H
Ginger-H,O Myrrh-H,O
Pine-H,O
Vanilla-H
Violet-H






Sagittarius (ruled by Jupiter)


Anise-H
Carnation-H
Cedarwood-H,O
Clove-H,O
Copal-H
Deerstongue-H Dragon's Blood-H
Frankincense-H,O
Ginger-H,O
Honeysuckle-H
Juniper-H,O
Nutmeg-H,O Orange-H,O
Rose-H,O
Sage-H
Sassafras-H
Star Anise-H






Capricorn (ruled by Saturn)


Cypress-H,O
Honeysuckle-H
Magnolia-H,B Mimosa-H
Oakmoss-H,B
Patchouly-H,O Vervain-H
Vetivert-H,O






Aquarius (ruled by Saturn and Uranus)


Acacia-H
Almond-H
Benzoin-H,O
Citron-H Cypress-H,O
Lavender-H,O
Mace-H,O
Mastic, Gum-H Mimosa-H
Patchouly-H,O
Peppermint-H,O
Pine-H,O


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