The Jersey Devil, the supposed mythical creature of the New Jersey Pinelands,
has haunted New Jersey and the surrounding areas for the past 260 years. This
entity has been seen by over 2,000 witnesses over this period. It has terrorized
towns and caused factories and schools to close down, yet many people believe
that the Jersey Devil is a legend, a mythical beast, that originated from the
folklore of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Others disagree with this point of
view. The following text will show there is evidence to support the existence of
an animal or supernatural being known as the Jersey Devil. The evidence consists
of the stories of the Jersey Devil's origin, the sightings of it, and finally,
the theories on it.

There are many different versions of the birth of the Jersey Devil. One of
the most popular legends says a Mrs. Shrouds of Leeds Point, N.J. made a wish
that if she ever had another child, she wanted it to be a devil. Her next child
was born misshapen and deformed. She sheltered it in the house, so the curious
couldn't see him. One stormy night, the child flapped it's arms, which turned
into wings, and escaped out the chimney and was never seen by the family again.
A Mrs. Bowen of Leeds Point said, "The Jersey Devil was born in the Shrouds
house at Leeds Point." Another story that also placed the birth at Leeds Point
said that a young girl fell in love with a British soldier during the
Revolutionary War. The people of Leeds Point cursed her. When she gave birth,
she had a devil. Some people believe the birth of the devil was punishment for
the mistreatment of a minister by the Leeds folk.

Another story placed the birth in Estelville, N.J. Mrs. Leeds, of Estelville,
finding out she was pregnant with her 13th child, shouted,"I hope it's a devil".
She got her wish. The child wad born with horns, a tail, wings, and a horse-like
head. The creature revisited Mrs. Leeds everyday. She stood at her door and told
it to leave. After awhile, the creature got the hint and never returned.

Burlington, N.J, also claims to be the birthplace of the Jersey Devil. In
1735, Mother Leeds was in labor on a stormy night. Gathered around her were her
friends. Mother Leeds was supposedly a witch and the child's father was the
devil himself. The child was born normal, but then changed form. It changed from
a normal baby to a creature with hooves, a horses head, bat wings and a forked
tail. It beat everyone present and flew up the chimney. It circled the villages
and headed toward the pines. In 1740 a clergy exercised the devil for 100 years
and it wasn't seen again until 1890.

There are many other versions of the legend. The legends say it was the 6th,
8th, 10th, 12th, or 13th child. It was born normal or deformed, and the mother
confined it to the cellar or the attic. Although there are many discrepancies in
all of these stories, there are 3 pieces of evidence that tie all of the legends
of the Jersey Devil's origin together.

The first thing that ties the legends together is the name "Leeds". Whether
the mother's name was Leeds or the birth place was Leeds Point, all of the
stories include the name Leeds. Alfred Heston, the Atlantic County Historian,
believes that the devil could be a Leeds or a Shrouds baby. He discovered that a
Daniel Leeds opened land in Great Egg Harbor, N.J., in 1699. His family lived in
Leeds Point. He also discovered a Samuel Shrouds, Sr. came to Little Egg Harbor,
N.J., in 1735 and lived right across the river from the house of Mother Leeds.
The 3rd fact ties in the Burlington story with the others stories. Professor
Fred MacFadden of Coppin State College, Baltimore, found that a "devil" was
mentioned in writings from Burlington as early as 1735. He also indicated that
the word Burlington was the word used to name the area from the city of
Burlington to the Atlantic Ocean. This means that the name that is now used for
the birthplace such as Leeds point or Estelville, could be the same place
referred to in the Burlington Legend.

The origins provide some validity to the existence of the Jersey Devil, but
the sightings are the most substantial pieces of evidence. The sightings have
been divided up into 3 time periods, pre 1909, January 16-23, 1909, and post
1909.

From the pre 1909 era, few documented records of sightings still exist. The
ones that do confirm the existence of the devil.

In the early 19th century, Commodore Stephen Decatur, a naval hero, was
testing cannon balls on the firing range when he saw a strange creature flying
across the sky. He fired and hit the creature but it kept right on flying across
the field. Joseph Bonaparte, former king of Spain and brother of Napoleon, saw
the Kersey Devil in Bordentown, N.J., between 1816 and 1839 while he was
hunting. In 1840-41 many sheep and chickens were killed by a creature with a
piercing scream and strange tracks. In 1859-94, the Jersey Devil was seen
numerous times and reportedly carried off anything that moved in Haddonfield,
Bridgeton, Smithville, Long Branch, Brigantine, and Leeds Point. W.F. Mayer of
New York noticed while visiting the Pine Barrens, most of the locals would not
venture out after dark. The devil was sighted by George Saarosy, A prominent
business man, at the NJ/NY border. This was the last reported sighting before
the turn of the century.

In 1903, Charles Skinner, author of American Myths and Legends, claimed that
the legend of the devil had run it's course and that in the new century, N.J.
would hear no more of the devil. New Jersey rested easy with that thought for 6
years, until the week of January 16-23, 1909. During this week, the devil would
leave his tracks all over South Jersey and Philadelphia. He was seen by over
1,000 people. This was his largest appearance ever.

It all started early Sunday morning, January 16, 1909. Thack Cozzens of
Woodbury, NJ, saw a flying creature with glowing eyes flying down the street. In
Bristol, N.J., John Mcowen heard and saw the strange creature on the banks of
the canal. Patrolman James Sackville fired at the creature as it flew away
screaming. E.W. Minister, Postmaster of Bristol, N.J., also saw a bird-like
creature with a horses head that had a piercing scream. When daylight came, the
residents of Bristol found hoof prints in the snow. Two local trappers said they
had never seen tracks like those before.

On Monday, the Lowdens of Burlington, N.J., found hoof prints in their yard
and around their trash, which was half eaten. Almost every yard in Burlington
had these strange hoof prints in them. The prints went up trees, went from roof
to roof, disappeared in the middle of the road, and stopped in the middle of
open fields. The same tracks were also found in Columbus, Hedding, Kinhora and
Rancocas. A hunt was organized to follow the tracks but the dogs wouldn't follow
the trail.

On the 19th, the Jersey Devil made his longest appearance of the week. At
2:30 am, Mr. & Mrs. Nelson Evans of Gloucester were awakened by a strange
noise. They watched the devil from their window for 10 minutes. Mr. Evans
described the creature they saw:

"It was about three feet and half high, with a head like a collie dog and a
face like a horse. It had a long neck, wings about two feet long, and its back
legs were like those of a crane, and it had horse's hooves. It walked on its
back legs and held up two short front legs with paws on them. It didn't use the
front legs at all while we were watching. My wife and I were scared, I tell you,
but I managed to open the window and say, "Shoo". It turned around, barked at
me, and flew away".

Tuesday afternoon 2 professional hunters tracked the devil for 20 miles in
Gloucester. The trail jumped 5 foot fences and went under 8 inch spaces. The
hoof prints were found in more parts of South Jersey. A group of observers in
Camden, N.J., saw the devil. It barked at them and then took off into the
air.

The next day, a Burlington police officer and the Reverend John Pursell of
Pemberton saw the Jersey Devil. Rev. Pursell said, "Never saw anything like it
before". Posses in Haddonfield found tracks that ended abruptly. In
Collingswood, NJ, a posse watched the devil fly off toward Moorestown. Near
Moorestown, John Smith of Maple Shade saw the devil at the Mount Carmel
Cemetery. George Snyder saw the devil right after Mr. Smith and their
descriptions were identical. In Riverside, NJ, hoof prints were found on roof
tops and also around a dead puppy.

On Thursday, the Jersey Devil was seen by the Black Hawk Social Club. He was
also seen by a trolley full of people in Clementon as it circled above them. The
witnesse's descriptions matched others from the days before. In Trenton,
Councilman E.P. Weeden heard the flapping of wings and then found hoof prints
outside his door. The prints were also found at the arsenal in Trenton. As the
day wore on the Trolleys in Trenton and New Brunswick had armed drivers to ward
off attacks. The people in Pitman filled churches. Chickens had been missing all
week throughout the Delaware Valley, but when the farmers checked their yards
that day, they found their chickens dead, with no marks on them. The West
Collingswood Fire Department fired their hose at the devil. The devil retreated
at first, but then charged and flew away at the last second.

Later that night, Mrs. Sorbinski of Camden heard a commotion in her yard. She
opened the door to see the Jersey Devil standing there with her dog in it's
grip. She hit the devil with a broom until it let go of her dog and flew away.
She started screaming until her neighbors came over. Two police officers arrived
at her house where over 100 people had gathered. The crowd heard a scream coming
from Kaigan Hill. The mob ran toward the creature on the hill. The Police shot
at it and the devil flew off into the night. The streets of Camden were empty
after this.

On Friday, Camden police officer Louis Strehr saw the Jersey Devil drinking
from a horses trough. The school in Mt. Ephraim was closed because no students
came in. Mills and factories in Gloucester and Hainesport had to close because
none of the employees came to work. Many New Jersey residents wouldn't leave
their houses, even in daylight. Officer Merchant of Blackwood drew a sketch of
the creature he saw. His sketch coincided with the descriptions from earlier in
the week. Jacob Henderson saw the devil in Salem and described it as having
"wings and a tail". The devil was only seen once more in 1909 in February.

Since 1909, the Jersey Devil has continued to be sighted by people all over
New Jersey. The number of sightings that have been reported to the authorities
has dwindled over the years. This could be attributed to the fact that people
don't want to be branded as crazy. Even though the number of reported sightings
has dropped, there's still a considerable amount of sightings in the post 1909
era.

In 1927, a cab driver on his way to Salem got a flat tire. He stopped to fix
the tire. As he was doing this, creature that stood upright and was covered with
hair, landed on the roof of his cab. The creature shook his car violently. He
fled the scene, leaving the tire and jack behind. Phillip Smith, who was known
as a sober and honest man, saw the devil walking down the street in 1953. The
characteristic screams of the Jersey Devil were heard in the woods near
Woodstown, N.J., in 1936.

Around 1961, 2 couples were parked in a car in the Pine Barrens. They heard a
loud screeching noise outside. Suddenly the roof of the car was smashed in. They
fled the scene, but returned later. Again they heard the loud screech. They saw
a creature flying along the trees, taking out huge chunks of bark as it went
along.

There have been other sightings since 1909, such as the Invasion of Gibbsboro
in 1951. The people there saw the devil over a 2 day period. In 1966, a farm was
raided and 31 ducks, 3 geese, 4 cats, and 2 dogs were killed. One of the dogs
was a large German Shepard which had it's throat ripped out. In 1981, a young
couple spotted the devil at Atsion Lake in Atlantic County.

In 1987, in Vineland an aggressive german Shepard was found torn apart and
the body gnawed upon. The body was located 25 feet from the chain which had been
hooked to him. Around the body were strange tracks that no one could
identify.

The sightings and prints are the most substantial evidence that exists. Many
of the theories on the Jersey Devil are based upon that evidence. Some theories
can be proven invalid, while others seem to provide support for the Jersey
Devil's existence.

One theory is that the Jersey Devil is a bird. Mrs. Cassidy of Clayton
thought it was an invasion of scrowfoot ducks. The scrowfoot duck is much too
small to be mistaken for the devil. Others believe the devil is really a sand
hill crane. The crane used to live in South Jersey until it was pushed out by
man. The sand hill crane weighs about 12 lbs., is 4 foot high, and a wingspan of
80 inches. It avoids man but if confronted it will fight. It has a loud scream
whooping voice that can be heard at a distance. This could account for the
screams heard by witnesses. The crane also eats potatoes and corn. This could
account for the raids on crops. This theory doesn't explain , however, the
killing of live stock. It also doesn't explain why people described the devil as
having a horses head, bat wings and tail, all of which the crane doesn't
have.

Proffesor Bralhopf said that" the tracks were made by some prehistoric animal
form the Jurassic period". He believes the creature survived underground in a
cavern. An expert from the Smithsonian Institute had a theory about ancient
creatures surviving underground. He said the Jersey Devil was a Pterodactyl. The
Academy of Natural Sciences could find no record of any creature, living or
extinct, that resembles the Jersey Devil.

Jack E. Boucher, author of Absagami Yesteryear, has a theory in which he
believes the devil was a deformed child. He thinks Mrs. Leeds had a disfigured
child and kept it locked away in the house. She grew sick and couldn't feed the
child anymore. It escaped out of hunger and raided local farms for food. This
doesn't take into account the incredible life span of the devil. The child would
have been 174 years old in 1909. It also doesn't account for the sightings of
ther devil flying.

Only a small amount of the sightings and footprints could be hoaxes. The
Jersey Devil has been seen by reliable people such as police, government
officials, postmasters, businessman, and other people whose "integrity is beyond
question". As for the hoof prints, even if some were hoaxes, There is still no
way to explain most of the tracks, especially the ones on roof tops and tracks
that ended abruptly as if the creature took wing.

The last theory is the most controversial one. Many people believe that the
Jersey Devil could be the very essence of evil, embodied. It is said that the
devil is an "uncanny harbinger of war" and appears before any great conflict.
The Jersey Devil was sighted before the start of the Civil War. It was also seen
right before the Spanish American War and WW I. In 1939, before the start of WW
II, Mount Holly citizens were awakened by the noise of hooves on their roof
tops. The Devil was seen on December 7, 1941, right before Pearl Harbor was
bombed. He was also seen right before the Vietnam War.

The Jersey Devil's habit of being a forerunner to wars could be because of
his possible demonic origins. In 1730, Ben Franklin reported a story about a
witchcraft trial near Mt Holly, N.J. One of the original legends say that Mother
Leeds was a witch. The devil's birth could have been a result of a witches
curse.

Other facts support the supernatural theory are the reports of the death of
the devil. When Commodore Decatur fired a cannon ball at the devil, it went
through him and he was unaffected.

In 1909, a track walker on the electric railroad saw the devil fly into the
wires above the tracks. There was a violent explosion which melted the track 20
feet in both directions. No body was found and the devil was seen later in
perfect health. In 1957, the Department of Conservation found a strange corpse
in a burned out area of the pines. It was a partial skeleton, feathers, and hind
legs of an unidentifiable creature. The devil was thought to be dead, but
reappeared when the people of New Jersey thought that this time his death was
real. Each time he is reported dead, he returns. It seems the devil is immortal,
which a supernatural being would be. Another thing that supports this theory is
the incredible distances the devil could fly in a short period of time. No
animal could travel as fast as the devil did in 1909 when he was sighted in
South Jersey, Philadelphia, and New York through out the week.

None of these theories can give a definitive answer to what the Jersey Devil
was or is, but the sightings prove there is something out there. Whether the
Jersey devil is a bird or a demon, is still left to specualtion. The people of
New Jersey have definitely seen something out there lurking in the Pine
Barrens.