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Islam and Internet
ALAM Maritime
MISC Malaysia
What is Internet
American People
Rotterdam
50 States
Provinces of Canada
Palm Tree
TCP IP
Concept of Network
Specialized Servers
Workstaion Vs Server
Quraan in English
Dr Israr Ahmad
Poetry
Introducing NT
NT Protocols
Win NT Services
The Islands
Cool Links
Islamabad
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| TCP/IP |
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| Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol |
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| TCP/IP Configuration: IP Address Sub Net Mask Default Gateway Domain Name Server Dynamic Host Windows Internet Name Service ____________________________________________________________ IP Address The IP address uniquely identifies your computer on a TCP/IP network. It consists of four numbers separated by dots, and each number must be '0 and 255'. For instance, 128.110.121.42 is a valid IP address. The first one of three numbers (depending on the sub net mask, described below) identify the network that your computer is on. The remaining number(s) identify your computer on that network. The address as a whole should uniquely identify your computer among all computers worldwide. If the first three numbers identify your network address (indicated by the sub net mask), then your computer is a part of Class C Network. A Class C Network can contains up to 255 computers and is the most common Internet network size. If the first two numbers identify your network address, then you are on a Class B Network, which can have up to about 65,000 computers. (There are far few Class B networks than there are Class C Networks.) Class B networks are usually very large corporate and university networks. If only the first number identifies your network and the remaining three identify the computer on the network, then you are on a Class A network. Class A networks are reserved for other wide area internetworks with millions of computers that are linked to the Internet. If your network is connected to other networks, then you will have received your network ID and perhaps your whole IP address from an outside source such as Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC) or from an Internet provider, which received the numbers from InterNIC. IP addresses ending in '0 and 225' are special addresses in TCP/IP. This address can be configured automatically if DHCP has been installed on your network, or you can enter the information manually ____________________________________________________________ Sub Net Mask The SubNet Mask, which usually looks like this -- 225.225.0.0 -- marks which part of the IP address is the network ID and which part is your station ID. A value of 225 means that the number is a part of the network ID. A value of 'o' identifies your station ID. For instance, a Sub Net mask of 225.225.225.0 with an IP address of 198.5.212.40 means that your network is 198.5.212 and you are station 40 on that network. TCP/IP uses Sub Net masks because some networks need a large number of station addresses and other networks need few. The Sub Net scheme provides for a large number of small networks and a small number of large networks. Sometimes you will see a value other than '0 or 225' in the subnet mask. This additional value divides networks into even smaller subnets. For example, a subnet mask of 225.225.225.128 would give a network with fewer than 127 available addresses for client stations. The topic of dividing subnets is beyond the scope of this book, but you should recognize when a network is being so divided. The subnet mask is used to identify a message destination that is beyond your local network. When a destination network ID (identified from your subnet mask) is not the same as your network ID, then the message is sent to a gateway (see below), which will forward the message to the destination computer. This setting can be configured automatically if you have DHCP on your network, or you can configure the subnet mask manually. ____________________________________________________________ Default Gateway When the destination computer is not on the same networks your computer, the message must be forwarded from your network to the destination network. A special device or computer called a Gateway handles the task of forwarding. When your computer recognizes that the destination computer is not on your local network (by combining the subnet mask with the destination IP address), your computer sends the message to the Gateway instead. For this reason the Gateway must have an address that is on your local network. For instance, you could have a Gateway on your network (198.5.212) at address 9. The default Gateway IP address would be 198.5.212.9, and any address that did not have 198.5.212 as the first three numbers would not work. If you would not have a valid Gateway IP address, your computer, using TCP/IP, will be limited to communicating withcomputers on your local network only. This setting can be configured automatically if you have DHCP on your network, or you can configure the subnet mask manually. ____________________________________________________________ Domain Name Server Computers are very good at keeping track of numbers, but humans are better at dealing with names that mean something. Therefore, the designer of the Internet provided a means of converting human-friendly names into computers-friendly numbers. The Internet Domain Name Service performs this function, and to use it you need the IP address (numbers) of the closest domain name server (DNS). NOTE: When you see on Internet address, such as Sybex.com, oeadm.org, or Whitehouse.gov ,you are seeing an address that the DNS must transform into numbers so that your computer can reach that destination computer. The DNS address will be a string of four numbers separated by dots likeany other IP address, and it does not necessarily have to be on your local network. This setting can be configured automatically if u have DHCP on your network, or you can configure the DNS address manually. ____________________________________________________________ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol You can configure your Windows NT workstation to be automatically configured by a DHCP server elsewhere on your LAN (most likely bt youe Windows NT server). This is covered in detail in the companian book, MCSE: NT Server Study Guide. ____________________________________________________________ Windows Internet Name Service WINS is a protocol Microsoft developed to make managing Internet numeric addresses easier in a LAN. WINS performs the function of mapping Microsoft networking names to the numeric representation (e.g., 111.222.333.444) of the Internet number. WINS keeps track of Microsoft-style computer names in your LAN. On the other hand, DNS looks up addresses that use the hierarchical Internet naming scheme (e.g., www.white.gov). You can configure NT Workstation to use WINS, DNS, or both to translate computer names into Internet addresses. The WINS server will run on a Windows NT server somewhere in your network. |
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